- Bioreactor Strategies for in vitro Conditioning of Engineered Tissues

2014 ◽  
pp. 574-609
Keyword(s):  
Engineered Tissues

scholarly journals Long-Term Severe In Vitro Hypoxia Exposure Enhances the Vascularization Potential of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Engineered Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7920
Author(s):  
Myroslava Mytsyk ◽  
Giulia Cerino ◽  
Gregory Reid ◽  
Laia Gili Sole ◽  
Friedrich S. Eckstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Engineered Tissues

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for treating cardiac ischemia strongly depends on their paracrine-mediated effects and their engraftment capacity in a hostile environment such as the infarcted myocardium. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed population composed mainly of MSC and vascular cells, well known for their high angiogenic potential. A previous study showed that the angiogenic potential of SVF cells was further increased following their in vitro organization in an engineered tissue (patch) after perfusion-based bioreactor culture. This study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the cellular SVF composition, in vivo angiogenic potential, as well as engraftment capability upon in vitro culture in harsh hypoxia conditions. This mimics the possible delayed vascularization of the patch upon implantation in a low perfused myocardium. To this purpose, human SVF cells were seeded on a collagen sponge, cultured for 5 days in a perfusion-based bioreactor under normoxia or hypoxia (21% and <1% of oxygen tension, respectively) and subcutaneously implanted in nude rats for 3 and 28 days. Compared to ambient condition culture, hypoxic tension did not alter the SVF composition in vitro, showing similar numbers of MSC as well as endothelial and mural cells. Nevertheless, in vitro hypoxic culture significantly increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.001) and the number of proliferating cells (p < 0.00001). Moreover, compared to ambient oxygen culture, exposure to hypoxia significantly enhanced the vessel length density in the engineered tissues following 28 days of implantation. The number of human cells and human proliferating cells in hypoxia-cultured constructs was also significantly increased after 3 and 28 days in vivo, compared to normoxia. These findings show that a possible in vivo delay in oxygen supply might not impair the vascularization potential of SVF- patches, which qualifies them for evaluation in a myocardial ischemia model.

In vitro regulation of adipogenesis: tunable engineered tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chao Yang ◽  
Steve E. Ellis ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Karen J. L. Burg
Keyword(s):  
Engineered Tissues

Functional Tissue Engineering: The Role of Biomechanics

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Butler ◽  
Steven A. Goldstein ◽  
Farshid Guilak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Functional Tissue Engineering ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Engineered Tissues

“Tissue engineering” uses implanted cells, scaffolds, DNA, protein, and/or protein fragments to replace or repair injured or diseased tissues and organs. Despite its early success, tissue engineers have faced challenges in repairing or replacing tissues that serve a predominantly biomechanical function. An evolving discipline called “functional tissue engineering” (FTE) seeks to address these challenges. In this paper, the authors present principles of functional tissue engineering that should be addressed when engineering repairs and replacements for load-bearing structures. First, in vivo stress/strain histories need to be measured for a variety of activities. These in vivo data provide mechanical thresholds that tissue repairs/replacements will likely encounter after surgery. Second, the mechanical properties of the native tissues must be established for subfailure and failure conditions. These “baseline data” provide parameters within the expected thresholds for different in vivo activities and beyond these levels if safety factors are to be incorporated. Third, a subset of these mechanical properties must be selected and prioritized. This subset is important, given that the mechanical properties of the designs are not expected to completely duplicate the properties of the native tissues. Fourth, standards must be set when evaluating the repairs/replacements after surgery so as to determine, “how good is good enough?” Some aspects of the repair outcome may be inferior, but other mechanical characteristics of the repairs and replacements might be suitable. New and improved methods must also be developed for assessing the function of engineered tissues. Fifth, the effects of physical factors on cellular activity must be determined in engineered tissues. Knowing these signals may shorten the iterations required to replace a tissue successfully and direct cellular activity and phenotype toward a desired end goal. Finally, to effect a better repair outcome, cell-matrix implants may benefit from being mechanically stimulated using in vitro “bioreactors” prior to implantation. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical stress, as well as other physical factors, may significantly increase the biosynthetic activity of cells in bioartificial matrices. Incorporating each of these principles of functional tissue engineering should result in safer and more efficacious repairs and replacements for the surgeon and patient. [S0148-0731(00)00206-5]

Microfluidic Device for Spatial Control of Cell Seeding in Engineered Tissues

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaw Win ◽  
Geoffrey D. Vrla ◽  
Emily N. Sevcik ◽  
Patrick W. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Engineered Tissues ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques ◽  
Cell Cell

In vivo tissues have finely controlled hierarchical structure that is often difficult to mimic in vitro. Microfabrication techniques, such as microcontact printing, can be used to reproduce tissue structure in vitro by controlling cell shape and orientation [1]. Several recent results suggest that cellular organization and structure can influence tissue function in engineered tissues [2–4]. For example, using microcontact printing and muscular thin film technology, we recently demonstrated that engineered vascular tissues whose smooth muscle cells possessed more elongated spindle-like geometries, similar to in vivo structure, exhibited more physiological contractile function [5]. In these studies, cells were seeded using traditional imprecise seeding methods. But recent results have shown that cell-cell coupling plays a significant role in functional contractility [6], suggesting that not only cellular geometry, but cell-cell organization, within a tissue is important to reproduce in engineered tissues to mimic in vivo function.

A Device for Long Term, In Vitro Loading of Three-Dimensional Natural and Engineered Tissues

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Shimko ◽  
Kyle K. White ◽  
Eric A. Nauman ◽  
Kay C Dee
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engineered Tissues

scholarly journals In vitro effects of nutraceutical treatment on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes of females of different age and weight groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Amr ◽  
Alia Mallah ◽  
Haneen Abusharkh ◽  
Bernard Van Wie ◽  
Arda Gozen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Catechin Hydrate ◽  
Engineered Tissues ◽  
Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The in vitro effects of four nutraceuticals, catechin hydrate, gallic acid, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, on the ability of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes of two female obese groups to form articular cartilage (AC) tissues and to reduce inflammation were investigated. Group 1 represented thirteen females in the 50–69 years old range, an average weight of 100 kg and an average body mass index (BMI) of 34⋅06 kg/m2. Group 2 was constituted of three females in the 70–80 years old range, an average weight of 75 kg and an average BMI of 31⋅43 kg/m2. The efficacy of nutraceuticals was assessed in monolayer cultures using histological, colorimetric and mRNA gene expression analyses. AC engineered tissues of group 1 produced less total collagen and COL2A1 (38-fold), and higher COL10A1 (2⋅7-fold), MMP13 (50-fold) and NOS2 (15-fold) mRNA levels than those of group 2. In comparison, engineered tissues of group 1 had a significant decrease in NO levels from day 1 to day 21 (2⋅6-fold), as well as higher mRNA levels of FOXO1 (2-fold) and TNFAIP6 (16-fold) compared to group 2. Catechin hydrate decreased NO levels significantly in group 1 (1⋅5-fold) while increasing NO levels significantly in group 2 (3⋅8-fold). No differences from the negative control were observed in the presence of other nutraceuticals for either group. In conclusion, engineered tissues of the younger but heavier patients responded better to nutraceuticals than those from the older but leaner study participants. Finally, cells of group 2 formed better AC tissues with less inflammation and better extracellular matrix than cells of group 1.

In Vitro Angiogenesis Properties of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Promising Tool for Vascularization of Ex Vivo Engineered Tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Finkenzeller ◽  
Nestor Torio-Padron ◽  
Arash Momeni ◽  
Alexander T. Mehlhorn ◽  
G. Björn Stark
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Engineered Tissues ◽  
In Vitro Angiogenesis
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