Contact Data

2013 ◽  
pp. 1193-1193
Keyword(s):  
Contact Data

scholarly journals A data-driven metapopulation model for the Belgian COVID-19 epidemic: assessing the impact of lockdown and exit strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Coletti ◽  
Pieter Libin ◽  
Oana Petrof ◽  
Lander Willem ◽  
Steven Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Initial Wave ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Stochastic Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, several countries adopted measures of social distancing to a different degree. For many countries, after successfully curbing the initial wave, lockdown measures were gradually lifted. In Belgium, such relief started on May 4th with phase 1, followed by several subsequent phases over the next few weeks. Methods We analysed the expected impact of relaxing stringent lockdown measures taken according to the phased Belgian exit strategy. We developed a stochastic, data-informed, meta-population model that accounts for mixing and mobility of the age-structured population of Belgium. The model is calibrated to daily hospitalization data and is able to reproduce the outbreak at the national level. We consider different scenarios for relieving the lockdown, quantified in terms of relative reductions in pre-pandemic social mixing and mobility. We validate our assumptions by making comparisons with social contact data collected during and after the lockdown. Results Our model is able to successfully describe the initial wave of COVID-19 in Belgium and identifies interactions during leisure/other activities as pivotal in the exit strategy. Indeed, we find a smaller impact of school re-openings as compared to restarting leisure activities and re-openings of work places. We also assess the impact of case isolation of new (suspected) infections, and find that it allows re-establishing relatively more social interactions while still ensuring epidemic control. Scenarios predicting a second wave of hospitalizations were not observed, suggesting that the per-contact probability of infection has changed with respect to the pre-lockdown period. Conclusions Contacts during leisure activities are found to be most influential, followed by professional contacts and school contacts, respectively, for an impending second wave of COVID-19. Regular re-assessment of social contacts in the population is therefore crucial to adjust to evolving behavioral changes that can affect epidemic diffusion.

scholarly journals Digital proximity tracing on empirical contact networks for pandemic control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cencetti ◽  
G. Santin ◽  
A. Longa ◽  
E. Pigani ◽  
A. Barrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDigital contact tracing is a relevant tool to control infectious disease outbreaks, including the COVID-19 epidemic. Early work evaluating digital contact tracing omitted important features and heterogeneities of real-world contact patterns influencing contagion dynamics. We fill this gap with a modeling framework informed by empirical high-resolution contact data to analyze the impact of digital contact tracing in the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate how well contact tracing apps, coupled with the quarantine of identified contacts, can mitigate the spread in real environments. We find that restrictive policies are more effective in containing the epidemic but come at the cost of unnecessary large-scale quarantines. Policy evaluation through their efficiency and cost results in optimized solutions which only consider contacts longer than 15–20 minutes and closer than 2–3 meters to be at risk. Our results show that isolation and tracing can help control re-emerging outbreaks when some conditions are met: (i) a reduction of the reproductive number through masks and physical distance; (ii) a low-delay isolation of infected individuals; (iii) a high compliance. Finally, we observe the inefficacy of a less privacy-preserving tracing involving second order contacts. Our results may inform digital contact tracing efforts currently being implemented across several countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Duration and distance of exposure are important predictors of transmission among community contacts of Ontario SARS cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REA ◽  
J. LAFLÈCHE ◽  
S. STALKER ◽  
B. K. GUARDA ◽  
H. SHAPIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Source Case ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Single Well

SUMMARYWe report attack rates and contact-related predictors among community contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases from the 2003 Toronto-area outbreak. Community contact data was extracted from public health records for single, well-defined exposures to a SARS case. In total, 8662 community-acquired exposures resulted in 61 probable cases; a crude attack rate of 0·70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·54–0·90]. Persons aged 55–69 years were at higher risk of acquiring SARS (1·14%) than those either younger (0·60%) or older (0·70%). In multivariable analysis exposures for at least 30 min at a distance of ⩽1 m increased the likelihood of becoming a SARS case 20·4-fold (95% CI 11·8–35·1). Risk related to duration of illness in the source case at time of exposure was greatest for illness duration of 7–10 days (rate ratio 3·4, 95% CI 1·9–6·1). Longer and closer proximity exposures incurred the highest rate of disease. Separate measures of time and distance from source cases should be added to minimum datasets for the assessment of interventions for SARS and other emerging diseases.

scholarly journals Tactile Occupant Detection Sensor for Automotive Airbag

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5288
Author(s):  
Naveen Shirur ◽  
Christian Birkner ◽  
Roman Henze ◽  
Thomas M. Deserno
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tactile Sensors ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Matrix Sensor ◽  
Contact Position

Automotive airbags protect occupants from crash forces during severe vehicle collisions. They absorb energy and restrain the occupants by providing a soft cushion effect known as the restraint effect. Modern airbags offer partial restraint effect control by controlling the bag’s vent holes and providing multi-stage deployment. Full restraint effect control is still a challenge because the closed-loop restraint control system needs airbag–occupant contact and interaction feedback. In this work, we have developed novel single and matrix capacitive tactile sensors to measure the occupant’s contact data. They can be integrated with the airbag surface and folded to follow the dynamic airbag shape during the deployment. The sensors are tested under a low-velocity pendulum impact and benchmarked with high-speed test videos. The results reveal that the single sensor can successfully measure occupant–airbag contact time and estimate the area, while the contact position is additionally identified from the matrix sensor.

scholarly journals A Multigraph model of the 3D genome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Makai ◽  
Andras Cseh ◽  
Adel Sepsi ◽  
Szabolcs Makai
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Contact Data

Spatial organisation of the genome has a fundamental effect on its biological functions. Chromatin-chromatin interactions and 3D spatial structures are involved in transcriptional regulation and have a decisive role in DNA replication and repair. To understand how individual genes and their regulatory elements function within the larger genomic context, and how the genome reacts as a whole to environmental stimuli, the linear sequence information needs to be interpreted in 3-dimensional space. While recent advances in chromatin conformation capture technologies including Hi-C, considerably advanced our understanding of the genomes, defining the DNA, as it is organized in the cell nucleus is still a challenging task. 3D genome modelling needs to reflect the DNA as a flexible polymer, which can wind up to the fraction of its total length and greatly unwind and stretch to implement a multitude of functions. Here we propose a novel approach to model genomes as a multigraph based on Hi-C contact data. Multigraph-based 3D genome modelling of barley and rice revealed the well-known Rabl and Rosetta chromatin organizations, respectively, as well as other higher order structures. Our results shows that the well-established toolset of Graph theory is highly valuable in modelling large genomes in 3D.

scholarly journals SOCRATES: An online tool leveraging a social contact data sharing initiative to assess mitigation strategies for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lander Willem ◽  
Thang Van Hoang ◽  
Sebastian Funk ◽  
Pietro Coletti ◽  
Philippe Beutels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
R Shiny ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Disease Specific

AbstractObjectiveEstablishing a social contact data sharing initiative and an interactive tool to assess mitigation strategies for COVID-19.ResultsWe organized data sharing of published social contact surveys via online repositories and formatting guidelines. We analyzed this social contact data in terms of weighted social contact matrices, next generation matrices, relative incidence and R0. We incorporated location-specific isolation measures (e.g. school closure or telework) and capture their effect on transmission dynamics. All methods have been implemented in an online application based on R Shiny and applied to COVID-19 with age-specific susceptibility and infectiousness. Using our online tool with the available social contact data, we illustrate that social distancing could have a considerable impact on reducing transmission for COVID-19. The effect itself depends on assumptions made about disease-specific characteristics and the choice of intervention(s).

Centric Relation Records and T-Scan Occlusal Analysis of Centric Relation Prematurities

2015 ◽  
pp. 649-671
Author(s):  
Roger Solow, DDS
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Centric Relation ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Hinge Axis ◽  
Analysis System

Occlusal analysis is the examination and diagnosis of the forces generated by the contacting surfaces of teeth. The clinician can use both mounted diagnostic casts and the T-Scan Occlusal Analysis system to understand the role of adverse forces in a patient's dentition. These casts should be mounted in Centric Relation so that they replicate the patient's hinge axis maxillomandibular relationship, absent of tooth contact. Diagnostic casts can demonstrate the mandibular slide into maximum intercuspation, as well as illustrate the excursive contacts. The T-Scan not only records the location of tooth contacts present in Centric Relation, maximum intercuspation, and lateral excursions, but also detects the timing and relative force of all contacts. The rapid display of recorded tooth contact data in the 2- and 3-Dimensional ForceViews makes it practical for intraoral operative use. These modalities can be used separately or in concert depending on the clinical situation. This chapter discusses the clinical technique, advantages, and rationale for identifying Centric Relation prematurities with mounted diagnostic casts and the T-Scan.

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