Acute dermal toxicity testing

Alternative Methods for Dermal Toxicity Testing

Alternative Toxicological Methods ◽

10.1201/9780203008799.ch16 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Bronaugh

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Testing ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Dermal Toxicity

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Non-relevance of acute dermal toxicity testing for assessing human health protection in the regulatory decision-making for agrochemical formulated products

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.04.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Andreia O. Latorre ◽

Pedro V.M. Floresta ◽

Marylia M. Boff ◽

Priscila M. Fagundes ◽

Ana P. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Human Health ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Health Protection ◽

Dermal Toxicity ◽

Regulatory Decision

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Acute Toxicity Studies of Xerox Reprographic Toners

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819409140650 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 2-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

George H. Y. Lin ◽

Robert Mermelstein

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Inhalation Toxicity ◽

Thermoplastic Polymer ◽

Test Results ◽

Dermal Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies

Typical reprographic toners consist of a thermoplastic polymer or polymers as the major component, a colorant or colorants (carbon black or color pigments), and small quantities of additives such as charge control and/or lubricating/release agents. Another type of toner contains iron oxides and polymers) as the major components. As a complement to the recently published Xerox chronic inhalation studies of toners, we are reporting the acute toxicity studies of some typical Xerox toners. The studies include acute oral toxicity in rats, acute dermal toxicity in rabbits, acute inhalation toxicity in rats, eye irritation in rabbits, skin irritation in rabbits, skin sensitization in guinea pigs, and the repeated-insult patch test in humans. These studies represent our acute toxicity testing using different protocols with various toners carried out during the period 1969–1984. In addition, we recently carried out acute dermal toxicity testing at 5 g/kg with two representative toners, for the purpose of classification of waste toners in the State of California. The test results consistently indicate that all toners were practically nontoxic: oral LD50 from <5 to <35 g/kg; dermal LD50 from <2 to <5 g/kg; and inhalation LC50 (4 h) from <0.17 to <10.2 g/m3. They were nonirritating to the eye and nonirritating/ nonsensitizing to the skin.

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