Content of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Containing 18 and 20 Carbon Atoms in the Total Lipid Moiety of Mitochondrial Membranes Determines the Activity Complex I of Respiratory Chain

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Activity Complex ◽  
Lipid Moiety

scholarly journals The serum competitor of oestrogen–rat α1-foetoprotein interactions. Identification as a mixture of non-esterified fatty acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vallette ◽  
C Benassayag ◽  
L Savu ◽  
J Delorme ◽  
E A Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Lipid Moiety ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Long Chain

The novel endogenous serum ligands of rat alpha 1-foetoprotein previously demonstrated in different mammalian sera were identified by g.l.c.–mass-spectrometric methods as a mixture of non-esterified long-chain and predominantly unsaturated fatty acids. Detailed comparative analyses of these ligands extracted from foetal- and pregnant-rat sera, rat amniotic fluid and foetal human sera are presented. We also show that an important fraction of these ligands remains associated with the rat alpha 1-foetoprotein after purification; analyses are given for the composition of this lipid moiety of the foetoprotein. The physiological relevance of these results is discussed.

CHANGES IN THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF FETAL PIGS FROM SOWS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. FARNWORTH ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Percent Composition

Heart, liver, lungs and kidneys were taken from fetal pigs at 57, 85, and 110 d of gestation. Sows had been fed either a no-fat-added control diet or one with either added tallow (high in saturated fatty acids) or added soybean oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids). Maternal diet had no significant effect on organ weight, organ total lipid, or the percent composition of nine lipid classes in the total lipid extracts. Significant changes in composition were found as the fetuses developed, and differences in composition were also evident among tissues. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of the four internal organs also showed developmental changes. Key words: Fetus, lipid, pig, organs, development

Introduction of macroalgae as a source of biodiesel in Iran: analysis of total lipid content, fatty acid and biodiesel indices

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zahra Zarei Jeliani ◽  
Nasrin Fazelian ◽  
Morteza Yousefzadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Brown Seaweeds

Abstract The aim of this work was to describe and compare the main fatty acids and biodiesel indices of some green and brown macroalgae (seaweeds) collected from the Persian Gulf, as an alternative raw material for renewable biodiesel production. The macroalgae showed low lipid content (< 10% DW) but marine macroalgae with total lipid content > 5% DW are a good source for biodiesel production. The total lipid content and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of green algae were higher than that of brown algae, while higher accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) was observed in brown seaweeds. Further, the main fatty acid in all studied seaweeds was palmitic acid (C16:0), which was followed by oleic acid (C18:1). The results of this work showed that three of the green algae, especially C. sertularioides, could be a potential source of fatty acids for biodiesel production owing to their high total lipid content, high cold flow indices (long chain saturated factor, cold filter plugging point and cloud point) and a fatty acid profile rich in SFAs with a high amount of C18:1, which is suitable for oil-based bio products. In contrast, the brown seaweeds Sargassum boveanum and Sirophysalis trinodis lipid content had a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which makes them suitable for replacing fish oil.

scholarly journals Total lipid and fatty acid profiles of Coffea arabica endosperm and embryo tissues and their relationship to seed desiccation sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Cristiane Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa ◽  
Mayara Holanda de Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro Malta ◽  
Roseane Maria Evangelista Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Seed Desiccation

As seed chemical composition may lead to different responses during drying and other post-harvest operations, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying rate (slow and rapid) and the concentration and composition of lipids in the embryo and endosperm tissues of Coffea arabica seeds on desiccation tolerance/ sensitivity. The total concentration of lipids and the composition of fatty acids were evaluated in isolated embryos and endosperms, and in whole (intact) seeds. Embryos had a higher total lipid concentration (23%) than endosperm tissue (8%). Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid, with concentrations of 48% in the endosperm and 34% in the embryo tissues. Although rapid or slow drying did not change the fatty acid profile in the embryos or endosperms, the palmitic and linoleic acid concentrations varied significantly between the embryo and endosperm. The predominance of linoleic acid in the endosperm supports the hypothesis that the endosperm tissue may be an important source of damage to the seed and may advance seed deterioration. This indicates that unsaturated fatty acids may have a greater effect on sensitivity to desiccation than the percentage of total lipids.

scholarly journals Newly Isolated High Squalene Producing Thraustochytrid Strain Aurantochytrium sp. P5/2 from Mangrove Habitats in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Tarnhatai MALAWET ◽  
Phuwadol BANGRAK ◽  
Yuwadee PEERAPORNPISAL ◽  
Niyom KAMLANGDEE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Features

Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.

Phospholipids of Cladosporium resinae cultured on glucose and on n-alkanes

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210
Author(s):  
Claudia M. L. Kan ◽  
J. J. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Growth Substrate

Cladosporium resinae was grown on glucose, on n-dodecane, and on n-hexadecane. Total lipid was greatest in dodecane-grown cells and least in hexadecane-grown cells, while glucose-grown cells contained the most phospholipid and hexadecane-grown cells contained the least. Cells from all three media contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as their major phospholipids, with lesser amounts of phosphatidylserine and traces of a cardiolipin-like compound. The major fatty acids associated with each phospholipid were palmitic acid and one or more 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids. There was no correlation between n-alkane growth substrate and fatty acyl components of cellular phospholipids.

CARE OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: ENDOTOXIN SHOCK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260
Author(s):  
Horace L. Hodes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lipid Moiety

F OR practical purposes we may consider that endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria are the cause of endotoxic shock. In general, endotoxins are produced by bacteria which form smooth colonies. However, it should be mentioned that small quantities of endotoxin have been found in colonially rough, gram-negative rods and in some gram-positive bacteria. Endotoxins are found in the outer layers of the bacterial cell wall. They are so closely associated with other constituents of this structure that their isolation requires strong chemical treatment.1 Endotoxins are macromolecules which readily form complexes with each other and with other macromolecules. The two major constituents of endotoxins are lipids and polysacchanides. Endotoxins also contain a small percentage of peptides, so we may consider that endotoxins are lipid-polysaccharide-peptide macromolecules. All endotoxins contain phosphorus also. The polysaccharide moiety is composed of a number of different carbohydrates, such as glucose, galactose and mannose, as well as pentoses, heptoses, and hexosamines.2 Also present are di-deoxy hexoses, which are found only in endotoxins. The lipid moiety contains even-numbered saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical constituents of endotoxins are arranged in three major zones in the macromolecule: the polysaccharide, the lipid-rich, and the amino acid-rich moieties. The backbone of the molecule is polysaccharide, to which are attached amino acids. The fatty acids are also attached to the carbohydrate backbone; these are ester bound to OH groups or amide bound to NH2 groups of the carbohydrate, probably through such compounds as glucosamine.2 The endotoxin molecule is unique in its fatty acid-carbohydrate linkages, which have not been found in any other natural substance.3 Phosphoric acid is found in both the lipid and carbohydrate moieties.

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