Cross-laminated timber: driving forces and innovation

2013 ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber

scholarly journals Complete Circularity in Cross-Laminated Timber Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1101-1113
Author(s):  
Ilze Vamza ◽  
Karlis Valters ◽  
Ilze Luksta ◽  
Peteris Resnais ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis

Abstract Many authors have discussed the paradigm shift in economy from linear to circular. Population growth and climate change caused resource scarcity are the main driving forces of shifting to circularity approach. Although consumers have been slower regarding transitioning to more sustainable economy, production companies are the ones who have felt the scarcity of resources first. In this paper we are exploring cross-laminated timber (CLT) production residue utilization possibilities for new product production and using multi-criteria analysis calculating the most promising recycling alternative from the perspective of companies working with wood as raw material. Data matrix for multi-criteria analysis was constructed from literature analysis gathering data on five criteria: (1) production costs; (2) energy consumption; (3) CO2 emissions; (4) product market price and (5) final product to wood residues ratio. Multi-criteria analysis showed that production of mycelium insulation material is the most promising alternative for CLT production residue recycling.

Solute redistribution during in-situ irradiation of alloys in the high voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
P. R. Okamoto ◽  
N.Q. Lam ◽  
R. L. Lyles
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Solute Atoms

During irradiation of thin foils in a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) defect gradients will be set up between the foil surfaces and interior. In alloys defect gradients provide additional driving forces for solute diffusion since any preferential binding and/or exchange between solute atoms and mobile defects will couple a net flux of solute atoms to the defect fluxes. Thus, during irradiation large nonequilibrium compositional gradients can be produced near the foil surfaces in initially homogeneous alloys. A system of coupled reaction-rate and diffusion equations describing the build up of mobile defects and solute redistribution in thin foils and in a semi-infinite medium under charged-particle irradiation has been formulated. Spatially uniform and nonuniform damage production rates have been used to model solute segregation under electron and ion irradiation conditions.An example calculation showing the time evolution of the solute concentration in a 2000 Å thick foil during electron irradiation is shown in Fig. 1.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott: Driving Forces behind Economic Cycles (2004 Nobel Prize in Economics)

2005 ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Business Cycle Theory ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
New Business ◽  
Extensive Research Program

The method of analyzing and modeling cyclical fluctuations of economy initiated by F. Kydland and E. Prescott - the 2004 Nobel Prize winners in Economics - is considered in the article. They proposed a new business cycle theory integrating the theory of long-run economic growth as well as the microeconomic theory of consumers and firms behavior. Simple version of general dynamic and stochastic macroeconomic model is described. The given approach which was formulated in their fundamental work "Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations" (1982) gave rise to an extensive research program and is still used as a basic instrument for investigating cyclical processes in economy nowadays.

Convergence of Corporate Governance Models

2004 ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Changing Role

The article focuses on the analysis of the process of convergence of outsider and insider models of corporate governance. Chief characteristics of basic and intermediate systems of corporate governance as well as the changing role of its main agents are under examination. Globalization of financial and commodity markets, convergence of legal systems, an open exchange of ideas and information are the driving forces of the convergence of basic systems of corporate governance. However the convergence does not imply the unification of institutional environment and national institutions of corporate governance.

Nationalism, Not Islam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridullah Bezhan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Religious Establishment

Wish Zalmiyan or the ‘Awaken Youth Party’ (AYP) was the first political party to operate openly in Afghanistan. It enjoyed support from the intelligentsia and the monarchical regime. The AYP’s key ideological elements were nationalism and constitutionalism. While they made the party popular with a segment of the ruling elite and the intelligentsia, they brought resentment from the religious establishment for which Islam was the only ideology to be followed and the Quran the only constitution the country needed. This chapter examines how, in the aftermath of World War II, most members of the urban Afghan educated class leaned towards nationalism and constitutionalism as the driving forces for new political dynamics and the progress of the country. It explores what type of nationalism the Wish Zalmiyan party was advocating.

A Novel Algorithm based on UBTMF for Colour Pictures

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Himanshu Rehani ◽  
Anuradha Saini
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Novel Algorithm

The issue of picture denoising is one of the most established in the field, is as yet getting extensive focus from the exploration zone due to consistently expanding interest for sensibly valued great media and in additament its part as a pre-preparing venture for picture division, pressure, and so on, because of high spatial being without a vocation of mundane pictures, nearby averaging of the pixels impressively abate the commotion while bulwark the first structure of the picture. To enhance the execution of the essential channels, more compelling sifting calculations including the exchanging vector channels and the amalgamation vector. In spite of the fact that there are different sifting calculations to cull, the more preponderant part of them is not outfit predicated. Multifarious Median Filter (AMF) performs well at low commotion densities. Be that as it may, at high filter densities the window measure must be expanded which may prompt obscuring the picture. In exchanging middle channel the cull depends on Re-characterized limit esteem. The paramount downside of this technique is that characterizing a vigorous cull is onerous. Supplementally these channels won't consider the nearby highlights because of which points of interest and edges may not be recouped severely, concretely when the filter level is high. To vanquish the above downside, Decision Predicated Algorithm (DBA) is proposed. In this, the picture is denoised by utilizing a 3x3 window. On the off chance that the preparing pixel esteem is 0 or 255 it is handled or else it is left unaltered. At high commotion thickness the middle esteem will be 0 or 255 which is boisterous. The goal of disuniting is to expel the driving forces so the commotion free picture is planarity recouped with least flag bending. Filter (Clamor) expulsion can be accomplished by utilizing sundry subsisting direct dissevering procedures which are main stream as a result of their numerical straightforwardness and the presence of the assembling direct framework hypothesis. In spite of the fact that middle channels expel motivation clamor without harming the edges, the prodigious majority of them work consistently over the picture and in this way have a propensity to alter both commotion and clamor free pixels. Preferably, the disuniting ought to be connected just to debased pixels while leaving uncorrupted pixels in place. We propose a novel calculation for clamor diminishment in light of UBTMF for Colour pictures.

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