Barriers to the design and use of cross-laminated timber structures in high-rise multi-family housing in the United States

2013 ◽  
pp. 2275-2281
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Family Housing

scholarly journals Outlook for Cross-Laminated Timber in the United States

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Laguarda Mallo ◽  
Omar Alejandro Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber

scholarly journals The low-income single-family house and the effectiveness of architects in affecting affordability

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Dulaney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Actual Effectiveness ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
House Design ◽  
Family House

Architects are increasingly engaged in efforts to provide affordable, owner-occupied housing in the United States. Yet architects’ roles in broadly addressing affordable housing remain marginal as was anecdotally evident by the absence of architects at a recent university-sponsored affordable housing workshop. Apparently, the potential contributions of architects in “the development of innovative approaches and best practices” related to affordable, owner-occupied housing is not always valued to housing policymakers and planners such as those who organized this workshop. This paper speculatively explores the gap between the potential value of architects and their actual effectiveness at realizing widespread relevancy, innovation, and change in improving the quality and attainability of affordable, owner occupied housing and how this gap may contribute to the undervaluation and marginalization of architects’ efforts to address affordable housing needs in the United States. Case studies of several recent U.S. house design competitions exemplify these gaps. Potential strategies for closing these gaps and thus appreciating the value of architects’ efforts in this endeavor are identified.To become central in providing much-needed affordable, owner-occupied housing, architects must make the value of their potential contributions evident. This requires a clear definition of design goals, a rigorous assessment of built projects, and the thorough dissemination of findings and methodologies. Architects must engage those fields to which they have, in the U.S., long relinquished affordable, single-family housing. Architects must demonstrate that qualitative design improvements are not just possible within the frameworks and agendas of those other fields but that good design will better enable the achievement of those extra-disciplinary goals.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF CHALENGES IN DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF SKYSCRAPPERS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-122
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The 19Th Century

Skyscraper, is a very tall, multistoried building. The name first came into use during the 1880s, shortly after the first skyscrapers were built, in the United States. The development of skyscrapers came as a result of the coincidence of several technological and social developments. The term skyscraper originally applied to buildings of 10 to 20 stories, but by the late 20th century the term was used to describe high-rise buildings of unusual height, generally greater than 40 or 50 stories .The increase in urban commerce in the United States in the second half of the 19th century augmented the need for city business space, and the installation of the first safe passenger elevator (in the Haughwout Department Store, New York City) in 1857 made practical the erection of buildings more than four or five stories tall. Although the earliest skyscrapers rested on extremely thick masonry walls at the ground level, architects soon turned to the use of a cast-iron and wrought-iron framework to support the weight of the upper floors, allowing for more floor space on the lower stories.

Seismic Performance Factors for Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Systems in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 04020172 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. van de Lindt ◽  
M. Omar Amini ◽  
Douglas Rammer ◽  
Philip Line ◽  
Shiling Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Timber Shear Wall

Why High-Poverty Neighborhoods Persist

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Pendall ◽  
Brett Theodos ◽  
Kaitlin Hildner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Multifamily Housing ◽  
Concentrated Poverty ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Precarious Housing

Why do we see persistence, recurrence, and new emergence of concentrated poverty in U.S. cities? In this article, we explore an understudied connection: whether an important part of the built environment—a series of attributes that constitute precarious housing—constitutes a durable substrate on which concentrated poverty predictably emerges and recurs and if so, how this might vary across the United States. Poverty grew fastest between 2000 and 2005–2009 in tracts that began the decade with high levels of rented one- to four-family housing, multifamily housing, housing between 20 and 25 years old, and households paying over 30% of their income for housing costs. In addition, poverty grew fastest in tracts with high percentages of black or Hispanic households in 2000.

Direct billing of multi-family customers for water use presents new opportunities and challenges to water providers in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
R.E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Dwelling Unit ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Water Meters

As water and wastewater rates increase faster than the rate of inflation, more and more buildings in the multi-family housing sector are converting to systems where each multi-family dwelling unit pays for water and wastewater directly instead of including these charges as part of the rent. The National Multiple Family Submetering and Allocation Billing Program Study evaluated the merits of separate billing programs including the potential water savings, costs and benefits from various perspectives, and the accompanying administrative and regulatory issues. It was found that the practice of installing individual water meters (submetering) on multi-family apartment units and billing based on actual consumption results in water savings of 15%. Water billing practices based on allocation methods (commonly known as Ratio Utility Billing Systems or RUBS) did not effect any water savings. The study was motivated by the water industry's interest in capturing potential water savings by multi-family residents where there is currently no pricing signal to encourage efficient use.

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