On the scope of using composites as major structural parts of large commercial ships

2013 ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kunal ◽  
S Surendran
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Lelekov ◽  
Anton V. Shiryaev

The work is devoted to modeling the growth of optically dense microalgae cultures in natural light. The basic model is based on the idea of the two-stage photoautotrophic growth of microalgae. It is shown that the increase in the intensity of sunlight in the first half of the day can be described by a linear equation. Analytical equations for the growth of biomass of microalgae and its macromolecular components are obtained. As the initial conditions, it is assumed that at the time of sunrise, the concentration of reserve biomass compounds is zero. The simulation results show that after sunrise, the growth of the microalgae culture is due only to an increase in the reserve part of the biomass, while the structural part practically does not change over six hours. Changes in the ratio of the reserve and structural parts of the biomass indicate a change in the biochemical composition of cells.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  

Abstract ALUMINUM C355.0 is a high-purity casting alloy that responds to an age-hardening heat treatment. It can be cast successfully by the sand and permanent-mold processes. Its castings characteristics are excellent and it is recommended for pressure-tight castings. It has good resistance to corrosion. Its applications include propeller gear boxes, crankcases and stressed structural parts in aircraft. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-243. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  

Abstract Alcoa 7075 alloy has very high strength and is used for highly stressed structural parts. The T7351 temper offers improved stress-corrosion cracking resistance. The alloy’s strength level equals or exceeds mild steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as machining and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-350. Producer or source: ALCOA Wire, Rod & Bar Division.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  

Abstract Kaiser Aluminum Alloy 7049 has high mechanical properties and good machinability. The alloy offers a resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and is typically used in aircraft structural parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-365. Producer or source: Tennalum, A Division of Kaiser Aluminum.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  

Abstract UNS No. A97075 is a wrought precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy. It has excellent mechanical properties, workability and response to heat treatment and refrigeration. Its typical uses comprise aircraft structural parts and other highly stressed structural applications where very high strength and good resistance to corrosion are required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Al-269. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  

Abstract IMPALCO 770 is a heat treatable, high strength aluminum alloy available in bar form for machining applications. It is recommended for highly stressed structural parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-120. Producer or source: Imperial Aluminium Company Ltd.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  

Abstract TECHALLOY Nickel 211 is a nickel-manganese alloy with good elevated-temperature resistance to corrosion by sulfur compounds. When annealed, it is slightly stronger and harder than Techalloy Nickel 200 and is good for structural parts subjected to degassing temperatures. Nickel 211 has low electron emission and is used for such applications as electron tubes and sparkplug electrodes. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-248. Producer or source: Techalloy Company Inc..


Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  

Abstract Kaiser Aluminum Alloy 7050 has very high mechanical properties including tensile strength, high fracture toughness, and a high resistance to exfoliation and stress-corrosion cracking. The alloy is typically used in aircraft structural parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: AL-366. Producer or source: Tennalum, A Division of Kaiser Aluminum.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  

Abstract GUTERL H-11 is a 5% chromium hot-work tool steel with an excellent combination of red hardness, shock resistance (toughness) and resistance to abrasion; these are the properties needed for good hot-work characteristics. It will withstand drastic cooling from maximum operating temperatures. Among the many uses for this steel are hot-die applications, structural parts for jet engines and missiles, extrusion mandrels and forging dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-412. Producer or source: Guterl Special Steel Corporation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110233
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard ◽  
Abolfazl Khalkhali ◽  
Sharif Khakshournia

It has been demonstrated that adding a few percent of nanoscale reinforcements, leads to remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of the polymers such as stiffness, damping, and energy absorption. These lightweight materials are attractive substitutes for the heavy metallic structural parts in the automotive, military, aerospace and many other industries. However, due to complexity of these multiphase materials, accurate modeling of their behavior in real loading cases is still ambiguous. The impact simulation is a vital step in design procedure of a vehicle, where a strain rate-dependent model of its components is required. In this paper, an elasto-viscoplastic modeling procedure of the polymer-based nanocomposites, assuming the elastic behavior of the nano-phase is presented; whereas the polymeric matrix deformation is dependent to the loading rate and is characterized by the method of Genetic algorithm optimization-based fitting to the experimental observations. By introducing a modified Halpin-Tsai method, the nanocomposite is then modeled as a homogenized material where the modification algorithm is the main challenge. A combination of approaches including parametric analysis, central composite design of experiments and response surface method is proposed to modify the tangent modulus of the polymeric matrix to be passed as the input to the Halpin-Tsai equations. Finally, the procedure is implemented to a set of epoxy-GNP nanocomposites under unidirectional compressive loads with different rates and the stress-strain curves are predicted with a decent precision.


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