Fatigue damage in carbon black filled natural rubber investigated by X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy

2013 ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Pengaruh filler carbon black terhadap sifat dan morfologi komposit natural rubber/polypropylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
B Bahruddin ◽  
Ida Zahrina ◽  
Said Zul Amraini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Curative Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of carbon black (CB) filler content and mixing technique on tensile properties and morphology of vulcanized natural rubber/polypropylene (NR/PP) blends were studied. The blends were performed in an internal mixer with NR/PP mass ratio of 70/30. The filler was mixed with the blend by two ways. First, CB was mixed with NR in roll-mill before blending with PP in internal mixer and the second, CB, NR and PP were mixed together in internal mixer. The plasticizer and maleated polypropylene (MA-g-PP) compatibilizer were added at constant value with mass fraction of 2% and 5%, respectively. Sulfur was used as curative agent with composition of 3 per hundred rubbers (phr) for the dynamic vulcanization process. The mixing was conducted at 180 oC with the rotor speed of 60 rpm. The morphological study on cryogenically fractured samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The tensile strength and elongation at break were measured by ISO 527-2 Type 5A standard. The results indicate that the addition of CB as filler could improve the morphology and the properties of the NR/PP blends significantly, especially at CB mass fraction of 30% and blending by first technique. At these condition, tensile strength and elongation at break were found to be 9,8 MPa and 413%, respectively. Keywords: natural rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, carbon black filler, tensile properties, morphology AbstrakPenelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh komposisi dan teknik penambahan filler carbon black (CB) terhadap sifat tensil dan morfologi campuran natural rubber/polypropylene (NR/PP). Sampel campuran disiapkan dengan menggunakan internal mixer pada rasio massa NR/PP 70/30. Filler ditambahkan ke dalam campuran NR/PP dengan komposisi 10%, 20% dan 30% massa. Penambahan filler dilakukan dengan dua cara, pertama dicampur dengan NR terlebih dahulu sebelum pencampuran NR dan PP, dan kedua dicampur bersama-sama NR dan PP dalam internal mixer. Ke dalam campuran juga ditambahkan plastisizer 2% massa dan kompatibilizer MA-g-PP sebesar 5% massa. Proses pencampuran menggunakan metode vulkanisasi dinamik pada suhu 180 oC dan kecepatan rotor 60 rpm. Sebagai curative agent digunakan sulfur dengan komposisi 3 phr (per hundred rubber). Sifat tensil campuran diukur menggunakan standar ISO 527-2 Tipe 5A. Morfologi campuran dianalisa menggunakan scanning electron microscopy. Diperoleh bahwa sifat tensil dan morfologi campuran terbaik diperoleh pada komposisi CB 30% menggunakan teknik pencampuran yang pertama. Pada kondisi tersebut; kuat tarik dan elongation at break campuran masing-masing adalah 9,8 MPa dan 413%.Kata kunci: natural rubber, termoplastik elastomer, filler carbon black, sifat tensil, morfologi

Percolation behaviors of model carbon black pastes

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (48) ◽  
pp. 9786-9797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Shiun Jiang ◽  
Rong-Hao Guo ◽  
Yu-Shuen Chiu ◽  
Chi-Chung Hua
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ray Scattering

The percolation behaviors of a series of high-structured carbon black (CB) pastes (CB weight fractions 10–25 wt%, ethyl cellulose as the binder, α-terpineol as the solvent) were systematically investigated using analyses of rheology and impedance spectra together with characterization via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals I INVESTIGASI KARAKTERISTIK TONER HASIL VARIASI PERSENTASE NANO CARBON BLACK

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Sulton Amna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Scanning Electron

Carbon black (CB) merupakan material penting yang digunakan sebagai pewarna dan material fungsional yang digunakan sebagai toner. Partikel CB dalam ukuran nano meter diharapkan mampu menghasilkan toner dengan pola distribusi dan dispersi yang merata. Sintesis toner dilakukan dengan 3 variasi persentase nano CB 10, 15 dan 20 % yang di ball mill dengan kopolimer stirena/ akrilat (KSA), Black Oxide (BO) dan air. Serbuk toner yang telah disintesis dikarakterisasi melalui serangkaian pengujian, seperti pengujian X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), pengujian Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), pengujian suseptibilitas magnetik dan pengujian Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CB dalam orde nanometer memiliki peran penting terhadap karakteristik toner. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan bahwa toner 10 CB memiliki ukuran dan distribusi yang paling seragam. Hasil XRD menunjukkan fase Fe3O4 (magnetit) yang memiliki sifat ferrimagnetik yang menentukan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik. Hasil uji suseptibilitas magnetik menunjukkan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik toner hasil sintesis 10, 15 dan 20 CB sebesar 10223,13 x 10-8, 9983,2 x 10-8, 11083,67 x 10-8 m3/kg. Karakteristik terbaik ditunjukkan oleh toner 10 CB hasil sintesis dengan bentuk dan ukuran yang seragam serta memiliki nilai suseptibilitas magnetik yang tinggi.

scholarly journals STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Hien Quang Pham ◽  
Son Thanh Thanh Do ◽  
Nieu Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

Natural rubber (NR), 30% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR30) and organoclays (Nanomer I28E and I30E) are blended in Brabender. Dispersions of the organoclay in NR are investigated by X – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the increase of dispersion efficiency by the addition of ENR30 as a compatibilizer. The existence of organoclay I28E reduces the vulcanization time, while torque value increases slightly and mechanical properties (abrasion resistance, modulus M100, modulus M300, tensile strength, tear strength) are improved considerably.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Analyses of Dental Tissues from a Hibernator

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
M. L. Zimny ◽  
A. C. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Bone Minerals ◽  
Apical Tooth ◽  
Scanning Electron

During hibernation the ground squirrel is immobile, body temperature reduced and metabolism depressed. Hibernation has been shown to affect dental tissues varying degrees, although not much work has been done in this area. In limited studies, it has been shown that hibernation results in (1) mobilization of bone minerals; (2) deficient dentinogenesis and degeneration of alveolar bone; (3) presence of calculus and tears in the cementum; and (4) aggrevation of caries and pulpal and apical tooth abscesses. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of hibernation on dental tissues employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related x-ray analyses.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray analysis of microparticles and early hydration effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
Yun Lu ◽  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Chemical Wastes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) were performed to investigate microparticles in blended cements and their hydration products containing sodium-rich chemical wastes. The physical appearance of powder particles and the morphological development at different hydration stages were characterized by using high resolution SEM Hitachi S-900 and by SEM S-800 with a EDX spectrometer. Microparticles were dispersed on the sample holder and glued by 1% palomino solution. Hydrated bulk samples were dehydrated by acetone and mounted on the holder by silver paste. Both fracture surfaces and flat cutting sections of hydrating samples were prepared and examined. Some specimens were coated with an 3 nm thick Au-Pd or Cr layer to provide good conducting surfaces. For high resolution SEM S-900 observations the accelerating voltage of electrons was 1-2 KeV to protect the electron charging. Microchemical analyses were carried out by S800/EDS equipped with a LINK detector of take-off angle =40°.

Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
M.G. Baldini ◽  
S. Morinaga ◽  
D. Minasian ◽  
R. Feder ◽  
D. Sayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

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