Issues in Life Cycle Risk Assessment: The Way Ahead

2013 ◽  
pp. 91-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Way

The use of the risk assessment in the life cycle assessment framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Milazzo ◽  
Francesco Spina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Health Impacts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify the human health impacts of soy-biodiesel production with the aim to discuss about its environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The integrated use of two current approaches, risk assessment (RA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), has allowed improvement of the potentialities of both in obtaining a more complete analysis. The implementation of a life cycle indicator for the assessment of the impacts on the human health, integrating the features of both approaches, is the main focus of this paper. Findings – It has been found that, although the biodiesel is a green fuel, it has some criticalities in its life cycle, which cannot be disregarded. In fact, even if biodiesel is essentially a clean fuel there are some phases, prior to the industrial phase, that can cause negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Practical implications – Results suggest some measures which can be adopted to substantially reduce human health impacts. Further alternative could be analysed in future to gain more insight about the use of biodiesel fuels. Originality/value – The estimation of the impacts of a process producing biodiesel has been made by using a novel approach. The novelty is associated with the calculation of the impacts on human health by using the transfer factors applied in RA. The use of such factors, properly modified in order to estimate the impacts on a wider scale than a site-dimension, allows defining a holistic approach, as LCA and RA are used as complete units but at the same time can be related to each other.

Risk assessment of additional financial costs on the example of implementation of projects of the rocket space industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Е.В. Докукина ◽  
Е.В. Парфенова
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

В работе исследуется один из возможных метод оценки риска дополнительных финансовых незапланированных затрат в рамках реализации проектов ракетно-космической отрасли, поскольку по различным причинам они не учитывались при определении технико-экономических показателей реализуемого перспективного проекта. Следовательно, предлагаемый метод позволяет на ранних стадиях проведения исследований оценить дополнительные затраты и учесть их влияние на конечные технико-экономические показатели перспективного проекта. Метод строится на основе статистического анализа затрат по этапам жизненного цикла и по проекту в целом. По итогам исследования сделан вывод о том, что риск дополнительных финансовых затрат может снизить эффективность проекта в полтора - три раза. The paper explores one of the possible methods for assessing the risk of additional unplanned costs for the implementation of a promising project. Under additional means costs that for some reason were not planned when determining the technical and economic indicators of the prospective project being implemented. The proposed method allows for the early stages of research to assess the additional costs and take into account their impact on the final technical and economic indicators of a promising project. The method is based on a statistical analysis of costs for the stages of the life cycle and for the project as a whole. The study concluded that the risk of additional costs may reduce the effectiveness of the project in one and a half to three times.

scholarly journals METODE INTERAKSI PARENTING: UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENDIDIKAN SISWA SEJAK DINI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Schools ◽  
Children Education ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

<p>Parents are obliged to take care of their children’s future, especially by rendering sufficient education. Children are believed to bring about happiness every now and then, who generate family’s pride up to the almighty judication. Some people are save and some are not in that court, where children will give sigificant contribution in it. That’s why the children’s well being has become the parents obligation. To bring about children’s well being, parents should also render the good treatments during the life cycle of their children. The main duties of parents for their children are giving them the good names, sending them to the good schools where they can learn religion, and marry them to their good spouses. Psychologically, when children are sent to school for the first time, they will feel that they are put apart from parents’ care, so that may of them have to go difficult phase of adjustment. The adjustment includes that of education so as to run as naturally as possible. To get the naturality of the education delegation, teachers and educators are obliged to be able to nurture any value to students as naturally as possible. Parenting model of teaching serves the requirements of teaching children just the way the parrents do, so that it is assumptively effective in teaching elementary students by taking consideration on the psychologial aspect of children.</p><p> </p><p>Key words:   Parenting Model of teaching, children education optimalization</p>

scholarly journals A New Conceptual Model for Adiabatic Fog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Toledo ◽  
Martial Haeffelin ◽  
Eivind Wærsted ◽  
Jean-Charles Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Horizontal Visibility ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
Water Path ◽  
The Way

Abstract. We propose a new paradigm to describe the temporal evolution of continental fog layers. This paradigm defines fog as a layer saturated from the surface to a known upper boundary, and whose liquid water path (LWP) exceeds a critical value, the critical liquid water path (CLWP). When the LWP is less than the CLWP the fog water cannot extend all the way to the surface, leading to a surface horizontal visibility greater than 1 km. On the opposite, when the LWP is larger than the CLWP, the fog water extends all the way to the surface, inducing a horizontal visibility less than 1 km. The excess water with respect to the critical value is then defined as the reservoir liquid water path (RLWP). The new fog paradigm is formulated as a conceptual model that relates the liquid water path of adiabatic fog with its thickness and surface liquid water content, and allows the critical and reservoir liquid water paths to be computed. Both variables can be tracked in real time using vertical profiling measurements, enabling a real time diagnostic of fog status. The conceptual model is tested using data from seven years of measurements performed at the SIRTA observatory, combining cloud radar, microwave radiometer, ceilometer, scatterometer and weather station measurements. In this time period we found 80 fog events with reliable measurements, with 56 of these lasting more than three hours. The paper presents the conceptual model and its capability to derive the LWP from the fog CTH and surface horizontal visibility with an RMS uncertainty of 10.5 g m−2. The impact of fog liquid water path and fog top height variations on fog life cycle (formation to dissipation) is presented based on four case studies, and statistics derived from 56 fog events. Our results show in particular that the reservoir liquid water path is consistently positive during the mature phase of the fog and that it starts to decrease quasi monotonously about one hour before dissipation, reaching a near-zero value at the time of dissipation. The reservoir liquid water path and its time derivative could hence be used as an indicator for life cycle stage and support short range forecasting of fog dissipation.

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