Genetics of Uveal Melanoma: Chromosomal Rearrangements and the Identification of Genes Involved in Tumorigenesis

2003 ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements

scholarly journals KIT Expression Is Regulated by DNA Methylation in Uveal Melanoma Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10748
Author(s):  
Viera Horvathova Kajabova ◽  
Andrea Soltysova ◽  
Lucia Demkova ◽  
Paulina Plesnikova ◽  
Darina Lyskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Uveal melanoma (UM) is an ocular tumor with a dismal prognosis. Despite the availability of precise molecular and cytogenetic techniques, clinicopathologic features with limited accuracy are widely used to predict metastatic potential. In 51 UM tissues, we assessed a correlation between the expression of nine proteins evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Melan-A, S100, HMB45, Cyclin D1, Ki-67, p53, KIT, BCL2, and AIFM1) and the presence of UM-specific chromosomal rearrangements measured by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), to find IHC markers with increased prognostic information. Furthermore, mRNA expression and DNA methylation values were extracted from the whole-genome data, achieved by analyzing 22 fresh frozen UM tissues. KIT positivity was associated with monosomy 3, increasing the risk of poor prognosis more than 17-fold (95% CI 1.53–198.69, p = 0.021). A strong negative correlation was identified between mRNA expression and DNA methylation values for 12 of 20 analyzed positions, five located in regulatory regions of the KIT gene (r = −0.658, p = 0.001; r = −0.662, p = 0.001; r = −0.816; p < 0.001; r = −0.689, p = 0.001; r = −0.809, p < 0.001, respectively). DNA methylation β values were also inversely associated with KIT protein expression (p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.015; p = 0.025; p = 0.002). Our findings, showing epigenetic deregulation of KIT expression, may contribute to understanding the past failure to therapeutically target KIT in UM.

scholarly journals Applying Single-Cell Technology in Uveal Melanomas: Current Trends and Perspectives for Improving Uveal Melanoma Metastasis Surveillance and Tumor Profiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Meng Wang ◽  
Chuanfei Chen ◽  
Myoe Naing Lynn ◽  
Carlos R. Figueiredo ◽  
Wei Jian Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Molecular Features

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary adult intraocular malignancy. This rare but devastating cancer causes vision loss and confers a poor survival rate due to distant metastases. Identifying clinical and molecular features that portend a metastatic risk is an important part of UM workup and prognostication. Current UM prognostication tools are based on determining the tumor size, gene expression profile, and chromosomal rearrangements. Although we can predict the risk of metastasis fairly accurately, we cannot obtain preclinical evidence of metastasis or identify biomarkers that might form the basis of targeted therapy. These gaps in UM research might be addressed by single-cell research. Indeed, single-cell technologies are being increasingly used to identify circulating tumor cells and profile transcriptomic signatures in single, drug-resistant tumor cells. Such advances have led to the identification of suitable biomarkers for targeted treatment. Here, we review the approaches used in cutaneous melanomas and other cancers to isolate single cells and profile them at the transcriptomic and/or genomic level. We discuss how these approaches might enhance our current approach to UM management and review the emerging data from single-cell analyses in UM.

scholarly journals Chromosomal rearrangements in uveal melanoma: Chromothripsis

10.1002/gcc.4 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha M. van Poppelen ◽  
Serdar Yavuzyigitoglu ◽  
Kyra N. Smit ◽  
Jolanda Vaarwater ◽  
Bert Eussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements

Electron Microscopy and image analysis of nucleo-protein complexes

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
E. H. Egelman ◽  
X. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Reca Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Helical Polymer ◽  
Specific Protease

The RecA protein of E. coli has been shown to mediate genetic recombination, regulate its own synthesis, control the expression of other genes, act as a specific protease, form a helical polymer and have an ATPase activity, among other observed properties. The unusual filament formed by the RecA protein on DNA has not previously been shown to exist outside of bacteria. Within this filament, the 36 Å pitch of B-form DNA is extended to about 95 Å, the pitch of the RecA helix. We have now establishedthat similar nucleo-protein complexes are formed by bacteriophage and yeast proteins, and availableevidence suggests that this structure is universal across all of biology, including humans. Thus, understanding the function of the RecA protein will reveal basic mechanisms, in existence inall organisms, that are at the foundation of general genetic recombination and repair.Recombination at this moment is assuming an importance far greater than just pure biology. The association between chromosomal rearrangements and neoplasms has become stronger and stronger, and these rearrangements are most likely products of the recombinatory apparatus of the normal cell. Further, damage to DNA appears to be a major cause of cancer.

Abstract #1010: Uveal Melanoma Masquerading as A Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Rokshana Thanadar ◽  
Uzma Siddiqui ◽  
Marie Lithgow ◽  
Runhua Hou
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter

The experience of holding the cycles of assisted reproductive technology with defrost, a biopsy, genetic study and refreezing of embryos in patients with multiple unsuccessful implantations

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Y.V. Masliy ◽  
◽  
I.O. Sudoma ◽  
P.S. Mazur ◽  
D.A. Mykytenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Comparative Genome Hybridization ◽  
Comparative Genome ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

The objective: to study the possibility of using frozen blastocysts for biopsy and genetic testing and performance measurement transfer euploeded 5–7-day-old embryos after thawing, biopsies, refreezing and thawing in patients with unsuccessful implantation. Patients and methods. The object of the study was the group of patients with repeated failure of implantation (4) in programs of auxiliary reproductive technologies (ART), subject to transfer to the uterus in total (i.e. in all the programs) for at least 6 good quality embryos based on morphological characteristics). All women had sufficient ovarian reserve. The patient was treated for infertility within the ART programs of the clinic of reproductive medicine "Nadiya" in the period from 2006 to 2016. The sample included couples who were not carriers of chromosomal rearrangements, without anomalies of the uterus (congenital and acquired: a doubling of the uterus, one-horned uterus, intrauterine membrane, synechia, submucous myoma of the uterus). All women had a positive ovarian response to controlled stimulation with gonadotropins (at least 7 oocytes) and a sufficient number of cryopreserved embryos. The first group (G1) included 64 women who trophectodermal a biopsy was performed on fresh blastocysts (in a loop controlled ovarian hyperstimulation). The second group (G2) were included 31 women who underwent thawing previously cryopreserved blastocysts trophectodermal re-biopsy and vitrification of blastocysts. Results. It was found that the performance of transfers euploid embryos that were vitrified, bioptrone and revitriphted, a little lower than those that were bioptrone fresh and vitrified only once. At the same time computationa genetic diagnosis previously vitrified blastocysts using comparative genome hybridization in patients with recurrent failed implantation allows to obtain a reasonable pregnancy rate (58%), implantation rate (33.3 %) and the birth of living children (45.1 %). Conclusion. Reprising biopropane embryos does not cause significant destructive impact and allows you to achieve pregnancy and birth of the alive child. Key words: in vitro fertilization, reusable unsuccessful implantation, a method of comparative genome hybridization, refreezing.

Uveal melanoma metastatic risk based on comprehensive genetic testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
V.A. Yarovaya ◽  
◽  
A.A. Yarovoy ◽  
A.R. Zaretsky ◽  
L.V. Chudakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Risk
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