Neurochemical pathology of cholinergic systems in neurodegenerative and neurdevelopmental disorders

2006 ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Francis ◽  
Elaine Perry
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Neurochemical Pathology

Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain identified with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Wainer ◽  
Allan I. Levey ◽  
Elliot J. Mufson ◽  
M.-Marsel Mesulam
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Cholinergic Systems

Interactions between the endocannabinoid and nicotinic cholinergic systems: preclinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Scherma ◽  
Anna Lisa Muntoni ◽  
Miriam Melis ◽  
Liana Fattore ◽  
Paola Fadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Systems

scholarly journals Cholinergic systems are essential for late-stage maturation and refinement of motor cortical circuits

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1585-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhakshin S. Ramanathan ◽  
James M. Conner ◽  
Arjun A. Anilkumar ◽  
Mark H. Tuszynski
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Cholinergic Lesions ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Motor Representations

Previous studies reported that early postnatal cholinergic lesions severely perturb early cortical development, impairing neuronal cortical migration and the formation of cortical dendrites and synapses. These severe effects of early postnatal cholinergic lesions preclude our ability to understand the contribution of cholinergic systems to the later-stage maturation of topographic cortical representations. To study cholinergic mechanisms contributing to the later maturation of motor cortical circuits, we first characterized the temporal course of cortical motor map development and maturation in rats. In this study, we focused our attention on the maturation of cortical motor representations after postnatal day 25 (PND 25), a time after neuronal migration has been accomplished and cortical volume has reached adult size. We found significant maturation of cortical motor representations after this time, including both an expansion of forelimb representations in motor cortex and a shift from proximal to distal forelimb representations to an extent unexplainable by simple volume enlargement of the neocortex. Specific cholinergic lesions placed at PND 24 impaired enlargement of distal forelimb representations in particular and markedly reduced the ability to learn skilled motor tasks as adults. These results identify a novel and essential role for cholinergic systems in the late refinement and maturation of cortical circuits. Dysfunctions in this system may constitute a mechanism of late-onset neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett syndrome and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effects of Simultaneous Reinforcement of Endocannabinoid and Cholinergic Systems on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Asghar Dindar ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Doses

Abstract ObjectiveAnxiety behavior is regulated by different neurotransmitter systems. There has been no direct relationship between endocannabinoid and cholinergic systems on anxiety in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of each of these systems separately and simultaneously using Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor) and URB-597 (endocannabinoid degrading enzyme inhibitor) on anxiety-like behavior. MethodEighty-eight male mice were divided into eleven groups (n=8) including control (saline), diazepam (0.3 mg /kg), URB-597 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg /kg), donepezil (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) and the combination of the two drugs at low, medium and high doses. All treatments were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the elevated plus maze test. ResultsSeparate administration of URB597, donepezil or diazepam increased the number and time spent of open arms compared to the control group. Concurrent administration of URB and donepezil at low, medium and high doses did not change the number of open arms entries compared to the control group, but they reduced the number of entries to the closed arms. ConclusionsThese results suggest that strengthening any cholinergic or endocannabinoid system has anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam. However, the interaction of these two systems has fewer anxiolytic effects compared to the effects of each alone. It seems that these drugs alone may represent a strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

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