Are the genetic and environmental factors impacting on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder the same or different?

2006 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Paul Fearon ◽  
Mary Cannon ◽  
Colm McDonald ◽  
Jolanta Zanelli ◽  
Alastair Cardno
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Evaluation of the validity and utility of a transdiagnostic psychosis dimension encompassing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Jan R. Böhnke ◽  
Georgina Hosang ◽  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
Categorical Classification ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundIn recent years, the Kraepelinian dichotomy has been challenged in light of evidence on shared genetic and environmental factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but empirical efforts to identify a transdiagnostic phenotype of psychosis remain remarkably limited.AimsTo investigate whether schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder lie on a transdiagnostic spectrum with overlapping non-affective and affective psychotic symptoms.MethodMultidimensional item-response modelling was conducted on symptom ratings of the OPerational CRITeria (OPCRIT) system in 1168 patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder.ResultsA bifactor model with one general, transdiagnostic psychosis dimension underlying affective and non-affective psychotic symptoms and five specific dimensions of positive, negative, disorganised, manic and depressive symptoms provided the best model fit and diagnostic utility for categorical classification.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for including dimensional approaches into classification systems and a directly measurable clinical phenotype for cross-disorder investigations into shared genetic and environmental factors of psychosis.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Janine Lam ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Gillian Dite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

scholarly journals Association of a dysbiotic oral microbiota with the development of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in IκB-ζ-deficient mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junho Lee ◽  
Jehan Alam ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Yeon Kyeong Ko ◽  
Ahreum Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Mice lacking IκB-ζ, a protein encoded by the Nfkbiz gene, spontaneously develop a Sjögren’s syndrome-like disease involving the lachrymal glands, but no salivary gland symptoms have been reported. We found that Nfkbiz−/− female mice presented a significantly reduced salivary flow rate, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS), and a dysbiotic oral microbiota at week 24. To dissect the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the salivary gland phenotype, Nfkbiz+/+ and Nfkbiz−/− mice were cohoused after weaning and evaluated at week 20. Cohousing alleviated the salivary gland phenotype of Nfkbiz−/− mice but did not induce any disease phenotype in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. Additionally, the oral microbiota in the cohoused mice was synchronized toward that in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. In conclusion, IκB-ζ-deficient mice developed hyposalivation and FLS, in which a dysbiotic oral microbiota played an important role. This finding suggests that the dysbiotic oral microbiota could be a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals The Relation of Genetic and Environmental Factors to Systemic Inflammatory Biomarker Concentrations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate B. Schnabel ◽  
Kathryn L. Lunetta ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Josée Dupuis ◽  
Izabella Lipinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Supplementation and therapeutic use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis: Consensus of the Scientific Department of Neuroimmunology of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doralina Guimarães Brum ◽  
Elizabeth Regina Comini-Frota ◽  
Claúdia Cristina F. Vasconcelos ◽  
Elza Dias-Tosta
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Keywords Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating, and degenerative central nervous system disease. Even though the etiology of MS has not yet been fully elucidated, there is evidence that genetic and environmental factors interact to cause the disease. Among the main environmental factors studied, those more likely associated with MS include certain viruses, smoking, and hypovitaminosis D. This review aimed to determine whether there is evidence to recommend the use of vitamin D as monotherapy or as adjunct therapy in patients with MS. We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANNE, and LILACS databases for studies published until September 9 th , 2013, using the keywords “multiple sclerosis”, “vitamin D”, and “clinical trial”. There is no scientific evidence up to the production of this consensus for the use of vitamin D as monotherapy for MS in clinical practice.

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