Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in AIDS Patients in the Developing World

2004 ◽  
pp. 479-494
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Aids Patients

scholarly journals Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS and non-AIDS immunocompromised patients – an update

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ti Lee ◽  
Ming-Lung Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) is an important opportunistic infection affecting various types of immunocompromised patients and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. PJ is a unique fungal pathogen which is increasingly common and maybe associated with a higher mortality rate in patients without AIDS. We present the characteristics of PJP, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes between AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Methodology: We conducted a review of studies of AIDS and non-AIDS patients with PJP using PubMed to search for studies until December 2017. Results: The annual incidence of AIDS-PJP decreased from 13.4 to 3.3 per 1000 person-years in industrialized countries, while the incidence of non-AIDS-PJP varied widely. Both groups had similar clinical manifestations and radiological features, but the non-AIDS-PJP group potentially had a more fulminant course, more diffuse ground glass opacities, and fewer cystic lesions. The mortality rate decreased in the AIDS-PJP group after the advent of antiretroviral therapy; however, the mortality rate remained high in both groups. A laboratory diagnosis was usually nonspecific; CD4+ T-cell < 200 cells/mL or < 14% favored AIDS-PJP. Serum 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) had a high diagnostic odds ratio. Combining BDG and lactic dehydrogenase improved the diagnosis of AIDS-PJP. Histopathological staining and polymerase chain reactions could not discriminate infection from colonization when the result was positive. The use of antibiotics, prophylaxis, and adjunctive corticosteroids was controversial. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through vigilance, thereby improving the survival rate for PJP in immunocompromised patients.

Twice weekly prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in pediatric oncology patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522097904
Author(s):  
Monica Awad ◽  
Caroline M Sierra ◽  
Elhaam Mesghali ◽  
Khaled Bahjri
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Weekly Dose ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy

Current recommendations for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in oncology patients include administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) three times weekly or the same total weekly dose given daily. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two consecutive days per week of TMP/SMX for prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in pediatric oncology patients. A retrospective cohort, single-center analysis was conducted in oncology patients 21 years and younger who received TMP/SMX for PJP prophylaxis between February 1, 2013 and July 31, 2017. Changes to the prophylaxis regimen were documented and analyzed. A total of 322 patients received TMP/SMX on two consecutive days per week for PJP prevention, of whom four had confirmed PJP (1.3%). Neutropenia was the most common reason for switching to alternative prophylaxis therapy (11.5%). Two consecutive prophylaxis days with TMP/SMX may be insufficient to prevent PJP in children with hematologic malignancies. Neutropenia remains a barrier for TMP/SMX use for PJP prophylaxis. Further studies to compare PJP incidence in children receiving alternative prophylaxis regimens should be considered.

scholarly journals Pneumocystis and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: A Case Report and Review of an Emerging Diagnostic Dilemma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rubiano ◽  
Kathleen Tompkins ◽  
Subhashini A Sellers ◽  
Brian Bramson ◽  
Joseph Eron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma

Abstract We present a case of a critically ill patient with COVID-19 found to have AIDS and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). COVID-19 and PCP co-occurrence is increasingly reported and may complicate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Patients with severe COVID-19 should be screened for underlying immunocompromise and coinfections should be considered.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Back to the basics

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 100814
Author(s):  
D. Mouren ◽  
C. Goyard ◽  
E. Catherinot ◽  
C. Givel ◽  
A. Chabrol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia
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