Computed Tomography: Introduction to CT Imaging

2005 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Imaging

Gold Nanoparticle-Optimized Computed Tomography Imaging Combined with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Rehabilitation Training of Children with Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1684
Author(s):  
Yangfan Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Luo ◽  
Xinglei Wu ◽  
Liuqiong Yang ◽  
Dandan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Movement Function ◽  
Ct Contrast

Traditional computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, such as iodine-containing small molecules (omnipaque), have limitations in some applications. The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to develop CT contrast agents based on this technology. In this study, a large number of surface functional groups of the fifth-generation polyamide-amine dendrimer (P5-NH2) were applied to functionally modify polyethylene glycol (PEG), targeting molecules, or drugs, which were used as the carrier of CT contrast agents. With the help of sodium borohydride (NaBH4), there was a rapid reduction. The fluorescein thiocyanate (FT) and PEG modified with lactobionic acid (PEG-LA) weres connected before gold coating to obtain gold nanoparticles coated with targeted dendrimer (Au(P5-LA)DENPs). In the experiment, the gold nanoparticles were characterized, and the liver cancer nude mouse model was established, so as to analyze the CT imaging performance of the material. Besides, the above was applied in the motor function of children with cerebral palsy, and the improvement effect of CT imaging combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation based on the preparation of nanomaterials on the movement function of children was analyzed and demonstrated with the help of graph theory. The results showed that the average particle size of gold nanoparticles was 1.88 nm. Within the range of 5 °C–50 °C and pH = 4–7, the physical properties of the aqueous solution of this material were stable. What’s more, the cell activity still exceeded 80% when the material concentration reached 2000 nm. The nude mouse model of liver cancer indicated that the CT imaging based on this material enhanced the image contrast effect of the tumor part, and the material had no obvious toxic and side effects. CT imaging based on the preparation of nanomaterials can promote transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate the efficiency of brain movement, accelerate the global and local information exchange and integration speed of brain network, thereby improving the movement function of children.

Technology of cardiac computed tomography

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Stephan Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Coronary Angiogram ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Patient Preparation

Cardiac imaging by computed tomography (CT) has the unique advantage of providing a fully isotropic data set with high spatial resolution. However, the rapid motion of the heart poses substantial challenges to CT imaging. For this reason, specific techniques have been developed to increase the temporal resolution of CT imaging and to permit either image acquisition or data reconstruction in synchronization with the patient’s electrocardiogram. Next to the use of advanced scanner technology, careful patient preparation is important to avoid artefacts. This includes careful coaching and practising of the breath-hold sequence to lower the heart rate, especially when CT is used to visualize the coronary arteries. With modern scanners, radiation exposure is reasonably low and falls approximately in the range of an invasive coronary angiogram.

The Utility of Computed Tomography and Intrathecal Fluorescein in the Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347
Author(s):  
John P. Flynn ◽  
Anna Pavelonis ◽  
Luke Ledbetter ◽  
Vidur Bhalla ◽  
Sameer A. Alvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Leak Localization ◽  
Skull Base Defects

Background Intrathecal fluorescein (IF) has become a common tool for localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, but despite frequent use, IF lacks Food and Drug Administration approval. The diagnostic ability of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has increased over several decades. Subspecialized rhinology training within otolaryngology has, similarly, allowed for dedicated skull base surgeons to become more adept at CSF leak localization. Objectives To evaluate the utility of HRCT and IF in CSF leak localization. To identify certain patient populations in which IF has added utility. To analyze the ability of fellowship-trained neuroradiologist and rhinologist to localize CSF leak sites. Methods Data were collected from a single, tertiary care academic institution. Patients admitted for CSF leak between 2003 and 2016 were included. Diagnostic yield of preoperative imaging and IF for identification of leak site was analyzed. Fellowship-trained neuroradiologist and rhinologist performed retrospective review of CT imaging and identified CSF leak sites. Results One hundred and two patients underwent CSF leak repair. Skull base defects were preoperatively localized to exact sinus on imaging report in 67% of patients. Preoperative imaging stratified by CT slice thickness of 0.625 mm identified leak site in 88.9% of cases. Blinded retrospective review by a neuroradiologist and rhinologist was able to localize the CSF leak to the correct or adjacent sinus in >80% of cases. IF was useful for intraoperative localization in 73% of cases. When preoperative imaging failed at leak site localization, IF was able to correctly identify leak site in 75% of cases. Conclusions The diagnostic yield of IF and CT imaging was equivalent, with each modality localizing leak site approximately two-thirds of the time. CT imaging with 0.625 mm slice thickness proved more efficacious in identification of skull base defects. IF demonstrated increased utility in instances where preoperative imaging has failed at leak site identification.

Etiology of Solitary Extrapulmonary Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Findings in Patients With Lung Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (28) ◽  
pp. 6846-6853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Lardinois ◽  
Walter Weder ◽  
Marina Roudas ◽  
Gustav K. von Schulthess ◽  
Michaela Tutic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to assess the incidence and the nature of solitary extrapulmonary [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulations in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staged with integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) and to evaluate the impact on management. Patients and Methods A total of 350 patients with NSCLC underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging. All solitary extrapulmonary FDG accumulations were evaluated by histopathology, further imaging, or clinical follow-up. Results PET/CT imaging revealed extrapulmonary lesions in 110 patients. In 72 patients (21%), solitary lesions were present. A diagnosis was obtained in 69 of these patients, including 37 (54%) with solitary metastases and 32 (46%) with lesions unrelated to the lung primary. Histopathologic examinations of these 32 lesions revealed a second clinically unsuspected malignancy or a recurrence of a previous diagnosed carcinoma in six patients (19%) and a benign tumor or inflammatory lesion in 26 patients (81%). The six malignancies consisted of carcinoma of the breast in two patients, and carcinoma of the orbit, esophagus, prostate, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in one patient each. Benign tumors and inflammatory lesions included eight colon adenomas, four Warthin's tumors, one granuloma of the lower jaw, one adenoma of the thyroid gland, one compensatory muscle activity due to vocal chord palsy, two occurrences of arthritis, three occurrences of reflux esophagitis, two occurrences of pancreatitis, two occurrences of diverticulitis, one hemorrhoidal inflammation, and one rib fracture. Conclusion Solitary extrapulmonary FDG accumulations in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer should be analyzed critically for correct staging and optimal therapy, given that up to half of the lesions may represent unrelated malignancies or benign disease.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Clinical Usefulness of Preoperative Computed Tomography in Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Received Unplanned Reoperation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yi Gao ◽  
Jia-Yi Li ◽  
Zhong-Hui Wang ◽  
Qin-qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Background. In the unplanned reoperation of colorectal cancer patients, computed tomography (CT) is increasingly utilized to locate postoperative complications and previously unlocalized lesions. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of CT in the mortality and complications of the reoperation of colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods. We performed a retrospective review of collected data from the colorectal surgeries of 90 identified colorectal cancer patients who received an unplanned reoperation from 2010 to 2018. Patients were stratified according to those with preoperative CT imaging (CT group, n=36) and those without preoperative CT imaging (NCT group, n=54). Twenty-four statistical indicators of each patient were studied, including their preoperative risk, surgical characteristics, and postoperative outcomes, and satisfaction was evaluated. All data were statistically analysed for predicting postoperative complications by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. Ninety patients received an unplanned reoperation in the study, and 40% (36/90) of these patients underwent preoperative CT examination. Patients’ risk factors were similar between CT and NCT groups. Preoperative imaging was more commonly performed for reoperative new anastomosis + ileostomy but less common for reoperative Dixon’s procedure. The operative duration of the NCT group was longer (139 vs. 104 min, respectively, P=0.01). Preoperative NCT examination (OR 1.24; 95% CI=1.09‐1.42; P=0.01) was an independent predictor of postoperative complications. Importantly, three patients died after an unplanned reoperation for colorectal cancer, which occurred only in the NCT group (5.6% vs. 0.0%, P=0.01). Conclusion. The use of conventional preoperative CT optimizes the choice of the surgical site and the strategy of laparotomy, so as to reduce the length of operation. Preoperative imaging evaluation should be performed for patients undergoing repeat abdominal surgery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document