Biological Airborne Pollutants

2005 ◽  
pp. 329-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Burge
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollutants

scholarly journals Tezepelumab: A Potential New Biological Therapy for Severe Refractory Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4369
Author(s):  
Corrado Pelaia ◽  
Giulia Pelaia ◽  
Claudia Crimi ◽  
Angelantonio Maglio ◽  
Luca Gallelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Efficacy Profile ◽  
Refractory Asthma

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an innate cytokine, belonging to the group of alarmins, which plays a key pathogenic role in asthma by acting as an upstream activator of cellular and molecular pathways leading to type 2 (T2-high) airway inflammation. Released from airway epithelial cells upon tissue damage induced by several noxious agents including allergens, viruses, bacteria, and airborne pollutants, TSLP activates dendritic cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in the pathobiology of T2-high asthma. Tezepelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to TSLP, thereby preventing its interaction with the TSLP receptor complex. Preliminary results of randomized clinical trials suggest that tezepelumab is characterized by a good safety and efficacy profile in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) on Sinonasal Epithelia

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2110092
Author(s):  
Jivianne T. Lee ◽  
Saroj Basak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cell Monitoring ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Dependent

Although the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis remains unknown, environmental factors including airborne pollutants and toxicants are postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the precise pathomechanisms with which environmental toxicants may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis are not fully understood. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of N,N-diethyl- meta-toluamide (DEET), a commonly used pesticide, on sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs). Sinus mucosa was obtained from 3 subjects without a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cultured SNECs were exposed to various concentrations of DEET (0-5 mM) for 6 days. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphologic changes were assessed using the MTT colorimetric dye assay and the Incucyte Live Cell Monitoring System. Statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and proliferation was observed between exposure and control groups ( P < .05) at all concentrations tested. Dose-dependent cellular morphological changes were also seen. These findings indicate that DEET exposure induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in sinonasal epithelia.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Wearability of Facemasks against Air Pollution in Primary School-Aged Children in London

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R Smart ◽  
Claire J Horwell ◽  
Trevor S Smart ◽  
Karen S Galea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk

Air pollution is a major health problem and children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects. Facemasks are one form of protection but, to be effective, they need to filter out airborne pollutants, fit the face well and be wearable. In this pilot study, we assess the perceived wearability of three facemasks (Vogmask, TuHao and ReSpimask) marketed in the UK as being designed to protect children against exposure to air pollution. Twenty-four primary school children wore each facemask during a standardised walking and running activity. After each activity, the children were asked to rate facemask wearability in terms of parameters, such as perceived comfort, hotness, breathability and fit. At the end of the trial, the children compared and identified their preferred facemask. The main complaint about the facemasks was the children’s faces being too hot. The ReSpimask was most frequently reported as being perceived to be the hardest to breathe through. The TuHao facemask was the only adjustable strap mask assessed but was reported to be difficult to adjust. Facemasks with a nose clip were frequently rated highest for fit (TuHao and Vogmask). The patterned, cloth fabric Vogmask had significantly higher ratings for appearance and perceived fit. The results show children’s perceptions of facemasks are highly affected by the facemask’s design, hotness and perceived breathability. By making children’s facemasks more appealing, breathable, cooler and improving their fit, wearability may be improved.

Relationship between socioeconomic status, exposure to airborne pollutants, and chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Velasquez ◽  
Lauren Gardiner ◽  
Tracy Z. Cheng ◽  
John A. Moore ◽  
Robert M. Boudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Airborne Pollutants

scholarly journals The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Howden ◽  
Eva Gougian ◽  
Marcus Lawrence ◽  
Samantha Cividanes ◽  
Wesley Gladwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

DISPERSION MODELS FOR EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES G.-J. MEJER and K.-H. KRAUSE Institut fiir landtechnische Grundlagenforschung der Bundesforschungsanstalt fiir Landwirtschaft Summary The aim of dispersion models is the prediction of atmospheric dilution of pollutants in order to prevent or avoid nuisance. Established dispersion models, designed for the large scale of industrial air pol­ lution have to be modified to the small scale of agricultural pol­ lutions. An experimental setup is described to measure atmospheric dilution of tracer gas under agricultural conditions. The experimental results deliver the data base to identify the parameters of the models. For undisturbed airflow modified Gaussian models are applicable. For the consideration of obstacles more sophisticated models are necessary. 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of dispersion models is to develop reliable methods for calcu­ lating the atmospheric dilution of airborne pollutants under practical conditions. One application in agriculture is the determination of that distance, at which i.g. odouriferous pollutants of an animal farm are diluted in the atmosphere to a concentration below a certain threshold, in order to allow the farmer a profitable production and likewise to prevent odour nuisance from the neighbourhood. Another application is the prediction of the effectiveness of changes in the emission source configuration, in order to reduce the odour nuisance in the existent vicinity. That could help to avoid expensive misinvestments. In air pollution control it is useful! to subdivide this large problem into three main divisions /1/, fig. 1:

1986 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Gaussian Models ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Reliable Methods

Decreased photosynthetic efficiency in plant species exposed to multiple airborne pollutants along the Russian-Norwegian border

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Odasz-Albrigtsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Patrick Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Study Sites

Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) in 11 plant species growing along a steep gradient of airborne pollution along the Russian-Norwegian border (70°N, 30°E). Photosynthetic efficiency was positively correlated with environmental variables including annual temperature and a maritime gradient and was negatively correlated with the airborne concentrations of Cu, Ni, and SO2 from the Cu-Ni smelters. Photosynthetic efficiency in six plant species from the mixed forest, but not pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and three species from the birch forest was inversely correlated with SO2 and the concentrations of Ni and Cu in lichens. Measurement of fluorescence in these species was a sensitive indicator of pollutant impact. Plant cover at the 16 study sites and the photosynthetic efficiency of five target species correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. This study demonstrated that it is possible to detect relations among field-measured ecophysiological responses in plants, levels of airborne pollutants, and satellite remote-sensed data.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, smelters, sulfur dioxide, nickel, copper, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

Integrating Diverse Data Sets to Assess the Risks of Airborne Pollutants

1989 ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. McClellan ◽  
R. G. Cuddihy ◽  
W. C. Griffith ◽  
J. L. Mauderly
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Diverse Data
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