- Global Relevance of Lessons Learned in Watershed Management and Drinking Water Treatment from the Northeastern United States

2013 ◽  
pp. 250-277
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Northeastern United States

Role of membrane technology in drinking water treatment in the United States

Desalination ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 113 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Jacangelo ◽  
R. Rhodes Trussell ◽  
Montgomery Watson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Membrane Technology

scholarly journals A critical review of point-of-use drinking water treatment in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishan Wu ◽  
Miao Cao ◽  
Draco Tong ◽  
Zach Finkelstein ◽  
Eric M. V. Hoek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
The U.S

AbstractEnsuring safe water supply for communities across the United States is a growing challenge due to aging infrastructure, impaired source water, strained community finances, etc. In 2019, about 6% of public water utilities in the U.S. had a health-based violation. Due to the high risk of exposure to various contaminants in drinking water, point-of-use (POU) drinking water treatment is rapidly growing in popularity in the U.S. and beyond. POU treatment technologies include various combinations of string-wound sediment filters, activated carbon, modified carbon, ion exchange and redox media filters, reverse osmosis membranes, and ultraviolet lamps depending on the contaminants of concern. While the technologies are well-proven, highly commoditized, and cost-effective, most systems offer little in the way of real-time performance monitoring or interactive technology like other smart home appliances (e.g., thermostats, smoke detectors, doorbells, etc.). Herein, we review water quality regulations and violations in the U.S. as well as state-of-the-art POU technologies and systems with an emphasis on their effectiveness at removing the contaminants most frequently reported in notices of violations. We conclude by briefly reviewing emerging smart water technologies and the needs for advances in the state-of-the-art technologies. The smartness of commercially available POU water filters is critiqued and a definition of smart water filter is proposed.

scholarly journals Giardiasis outbreaks in the United States, 1971–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2790-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. ADAM ◽  
J. S. YODER ◽  
L. H. GOULD ◽  
M. C. HLAVSA ◽  
J. W. GARGANO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Prevention Measures

SUMMARYGiardia intestinalis is the leading parasitic aetiology of human enteric infections in the United States, with an estimated 1·2 million cases occurring annually. To better understand transmission, we analysed data on all giardiasis outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 1971–2011. The 242 outbreaks, affecting ~41 000 persons, resulted from waterborne (74·8%), foodborne (15·7%), person-to-person (2·5%), and animal contact (1·2%) transmission. Most (74·6%) waterborne outbreaks were associated with drinking water, followed by recreational water (18·2%). Problems with water treatment, untreated groundwater, and distribution systems were identified most often during drinking water-associated outbreak investigations; problems with water treatment declined after the 1980s. Most recreational water-associated outbreaks were linked to treated swimming venues, with pools and wading pools implicated most often. Produce was implicated most often in foodborne outbreaks. Additionally, foods were most commonly prepared in a restaurant and contaminated by a food handler. Lessons learned from examining patterns in outbreaks over time can help prevent future disease. Groundwater and distribution system vulnerabilities, inadequate pool disinfection, fruit and vegetable contamination, and poor food handler hygiene are promising targets for giardiasis prevention measures.

scholarly journals Estimates of endemic waterborne risks from community-intervention studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Calderon ◽  
Gunther F. Craun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Natural Experiments

The nature and magnitude of endemic waterborne disease are not well characterized in the United States. Epidemiologic studies of various designs can provide an estimate of the waterborne attributable risk along with other types of information. Community drinking water systems frequently improve their operations and may change drinking water treatment and their major source of water. In the United States, many of these treatment changes are the result of regulations promulgated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. A community-intervention study design takes advantage of these “natural” experiments to assess changes in health risks. In this paper, we review the community-intervention studies that have assessed changes in waterborne gastroenteritis risks among immunocompetent populations in industrialized countries. Published results are available from two studies in Australia, one study in the United Kingdom, and one study in the United States. Preliminary results from two other US studies are also available. Although the current information is limited, the risks reported in these community-intervention studies can help inform the national estimate of endemic waterborne gastroenteritis. Information is provided about endemic waterborne risks for unfiltered surface water sources and a groundwater under the influence of surface water. Community-intervention studies with recommended study modifications should be conducted to better estimate the benefits associated with improved drinking water treatment.

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florica Manea ◽  
Anamaria Baciu ◽  
Aniela Pop ◽  
Katalin Bodor ◽  
Ilie Vlaicu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process
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