Cellular Mechanisms of Acute Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

2001 ◽  
pp. 348-393
Keyword(s):  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

Vascular adaptations to hypoxia: molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating vascular tone

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Paffett ◽  
Benjimen R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Processes

Several molecular and cellular adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia exist within the vasculature. Many of these processes involve oxygen sensing which is transduced into mediators of vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation and vasodilation in the systemic circulation. A variety of oxygen-responsive pathways, such as HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1 and HOs (haem oxygenases), contribute to the overall adaptive process during hypoxia and are currently an area of intense research. Generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) may also differentially regulate vascular tone in these circulations. Potential candidates underlying the divergent responses between the systemic and pulmonary circulations may include Nox (NADPH oxidase)-derived ROS and mitochondrial-derived ROS. In addition to alterations in ROS production governing vascular tone in the hypoxic setting, other vascular adaptations are likely to be involved. HPV (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) and CH (chronic hypoxia)-induced alterations in cellular proliferation, ionic conductances and changes in the contractile apparatus sensitivity to calcium, all occur as adaptive processes within the vasculature.

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: role of ion channels

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. H. Mauban ◽  
Carmelle V. Remillard ◽  
Jason X.-J. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Medial Hypertrophy

Acute hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia causes structural changes of the pulmonary vasculature including arterial medial hypertrophy. Electro- and pharmacomechanical mechanisms are involved in regulating pulmonary vasomotor tone, whereas intracellular Ca2+ serves as an important signal in regulating contraction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Herein, we provide a basic overview of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Our discussion focuses on the roles of ion channels permeable to K+ and Ca2+, membrane potential, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ in the development of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Chronic Lung Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Local Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Hypoxic vasoconstriction in the lung is a unique and fundamental characteristic of the pulmonary circulation. It functions in health and disease states to better preserve ventilation-perfusion matching by diverting blood flow to better ventilated regions when local ventilation is compromised. As more areas of lung become hypoxic either with high altitude or global lung disease, then hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) becomes less effective in ventilation-perfusion matching and can lead to pulmonary hypertension. HPV is intrinsic to the vascular smooth muscle and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition, the pulmonary vascular endothelium, red cells, lung innervation, and numerous circulating vasoactive agents also affect the strength of HPV. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of HPV and address its role in pulmonary hypertension associated with World Health Organization Group 3 diseases. When sustained beyond many hours, HPV may initiate pulmonary vascular remodeling and lead to more fixed and less oxygen-responsive pulmonary hypertension if the hypoxic stimulus is maintained.

Lung Mast Cells and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Cats

Respiration ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Martin ◽  
A. Tucker ◽  
M.L. Munroe ◽  
J.T. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document