Metal Soap Greases

2013 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Esen Arkı_ ◽  
Devrim Balköse
Keyword(s):  
Metal Soap

scholarly journals Metal Soap Membranes for Gas Separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 2005629
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Deepu J. Babu ◽  
Jian Hao ◽  
Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat ◽  
Davide Campi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Metal Soap

scholarly journals Preparation of epoxidized sunflower oil metal soap derivatives and their use asheat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-593
Author(s):  
Ouassila CHELIL ◽  
Naima BELHANECHE-BENSEMRA ◽  
Daniel LÓPEZ GARCÍA ◽  
Marta FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
Mohamed Tahar BENANIBA
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Metal Soap

scholarly journals 2D-IR spectroscopy for oil paint conservation: Elucidating the water-sensitive structure of zinc carboxylate clusters in ionomers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaaw3592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joen. J. Hermans ◽  
Lambert Baij ◽  
Mark Koenis ◽  
Katrien Keune ◽  
Piet D. Iedema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
2D Ir ◽  
Degradation Reactions

The molecular structure around metal ions in polymer materials has puzzled researchers for decades. This question has acquired new relevance with the discovery that aged oil paint binders can adopt an ionomer structure when metal ions leached from pigments bind to carboxylate groups on the polymerized oil network. The characteristics of the metal-polymer structure are expected to have important consequences for the rate of oil paint degradation reactions such as metal soap formation and oil hydrolysis. Here, we use two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that zinc carboxylates formed in paint films containing zinc white pigment adopt either a coordination chain– or an oxo-type cluster structure. Moreover, it was found that the presence of water governs the relative concentration of these two types of zinc carboxylate coordination. The results pave the way for a molecular approach to paintings conservation and the application of 2D-IR spectroscopy to the study of polymer structure.

Aluminium soap, their nature and gelling properties

1950 ◽  
Vol 200 (1061) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Coaxial Cylinder ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Hydrated Alumina ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
Gelling Properties

The chemical nature of aluminium soaps can be studied with great advantage by making use of the reaction between aluminium alkoxides and fatty acids in organic solvents. The heat of the reaction was measured as a function of fatty acid added, and this showed that not more than two fatty-acid molecules react with each Al(OR) 3 molecule. Even with water, not more than two molecules reacted with each A1(OR) 8 molecule. The resulting soaps were analyzed for aluminium and fatty acid, and this confirmed the conclusions drawn from the heat of reaction. The product of aqueous metathesis between an alkali metal soap and an aluminium salt appears to be an adsorption complex of the fatty acid upon hydrated alumina; combination occurs during the drying process. From the above studies a polymeric formula for aluminium soaps has been suggested, based upon sixfold co-ordination aluminium-oxygen octahedra. When these octahedra join through an apex a cli-soap results, when through an edge, a mono-soap. A combination of these results in intermediate values. Some preliminary infra-red measurements of aluminium mono- and di-soaps appear to be consistent with these conclusions. The phenomenon of peptization of aluminium soaps by organic compounds such as alcohols, phenols, amines, etc., is discussed in terms of the above formulation. The physical nature of aluminium soaps in organic solvents has been explored by means of viscosity and streaming birefringence. In very dilute solutions in benzene it appears that the soap units approach molecular dispersion; with increasing concentration the rapid increase in specific viscosity indicates strong intermolecular attraction and the formation of fibrillar aggregates. With the more concentrated solutions (1 to 2 %) simultaneous streaming birefringence and viscosity measurements were made in a coaxial cylinder apparatus, and the effect of peptizers and precipitants determined. It was concluded that the soap molecules are aggregated in solution with the fatty-acid groups extended laterally with respect to the chain. Some solutions were initially birefringent, due to the influence of the walls upon the aggregation.

Mineral Sulfide as Index of Disulfide Cross-Bonding

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Hull ◽  
S. R. Olsen ◽  
Wesley G. France
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization

Abstract 1. The mechanism proposed by Armstrong, Little, and Doak to explain sulfur vulcanization in the presence of metal soap was investigated in polyprene and simpler systems from the viewpoint of the inorganic sulfide produced and, in the case of polyprenes, of the accompanying modulus. 2. Dodecanethiol was found to react with sulfur and zinc soap to produce inorganic sulfide equivalent to the oxidation of 80 to 100 per cent of the thiol to disulfide ; with excess thiol substantially quantitative conversion of sulfur or of zinc soap to inorganic sulfide can be obtained. 3. Several simple olefins were found to react readily with sulfur and zinc soap under vulcanizing conditions. The reaction is promoted by M.B.T. On the basis of the mechanism assumed, the inorganic sulfide formed is sufficient to indicate extensive conversion of the olefin to a substituted diallyl disulfide. 4. Assuming the validity of the proposed mechanism, inorganic sulfide production indicates substantial disulfide cross-linking between α-carbon atoms in conventional cures with natural rubber, and appreciable, though relatively less, cross-bonding of this type in the case of GR-S. The smaller extent of this type of cross-linking with GR-S is believed to result from greater tendency on the part of this elastomer to add the intermediate mercapto compound to double bonds, as proposed in the first paper of this series.

Characteristics of Fluoride Based Conversion Coating Film on Al-Alloy for Metal Forming Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Varunee Premanond ◽  
Pongpan Niyomrit
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Soap Film ◽  
Conversion Coating ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Ring Compression

During the process of cold forming of aluminum, the high pressure which is introduced on the die can result in high adhesion between the aluminum and the die surface. Therefore, it is necessary for the aluminum billet to be coated with a lubricant prior to forming, to reduce adhesion and to ease the flow of material in the die. There are several popular types of lubricant systems used in cold forging of aluminum. For severe deformation, conversion coating in conjunction with soap lubricant are commonly used. The conversion coatings include soap phosphates (PO4-soap), as well as soap aluminum fluoride (AlF-soap). Therefore, this work studied the performance of the AlF-soap system and compared it to the conventional PO4-soap system as tested on AA6063 aluminum. Ring compression tests and ball on disc tests were conducted to explore friction conditions and the thinning of the lubricant under several forming conditions. It was found that the quantity of metal soap layer of AlF-soap used affected the friction coefficient and the lubricant thinning under forming operation. The suitable coating weight of metal soap layer of AlF-soap for this experiment was found to be 2 g/m2. The friction coefficient of the PO4-soap system was 16.26% lower than the AlF-soap system. However, the amount of thinning of the AlF-soap film after ring compression tests was lower than that of PO4-soap film.

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