Overview of the Human Immune System and Its Relevance to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. E7150-E7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Montoya ◽  
Tyson H. Holmes ◽  
Jill N. Anderson ◽  
Holden T. Maecker ◽  
Yael Rosenberg-Hasson ◽  
...  

Although some signs of inflammation have been reported previously in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), the data are limited and contradictory. High-throughput methods now allow us to interrogate the human immune system for multiple markers of inflammation at a scale that was not previously possible. To determine whether a signature of serum cytokines could be associated with ME/CFS and correlated with disease severity and fatigue duration, cytokines of 192 ME/CFS patients and 392 healthy controls were measured using a 51-multiplex array on a Luminex system. Each cytokine’s preprocessed data were regressed on ME/CFS severity plus covariates for age, sex, race, and an assay property of newly discovered importance: nonspecific binding. On average, TGF-β was elevated (P= 0.0052) and resistin was lower (P= 0.0052) in patients compared with controls. Seventeen cytokines had a statistically significant upward linear trend that correlated with ME/CFS severity: CCL11 (Eotaxin-1), CXCL1 (GROα), CXCL10 (IP-10), IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17F, leptin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, LIF, NGF, SCF, and TGF-α. Of the 17 cytokines that correlated with severity, 13 are proinflammatory, likely contributing to many of the symptoms experienced by patients and establishing a strong immune system component of the disease. Only CXCL9 (MIG) inversely correlated with fatigue duration.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
A.S. Bradley ◽  
B. Ford ◽  
A.S. Bansal

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Bansal ◽  
A.S. Bradley ◽  
K.N. Bishop ◽  
S. Kiani-Alikhan ◽  
B. Ford

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fane Kojo Fosu Mensah ◽  
Amolak Singh Bansal ◽  
Brian Ford ◽  
Geraldine Cambridge

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