The clinical epidemiology of bipolar disorder: a 35-year incidence study in south-east London

The clinical epidemiology of bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorder ◽

10.1201/b13932-2 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Noel Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Clinical Epidemiology

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Bipolar disorder in the general population in The Netherlands (prevalence, consequences and care utilisation): results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00310-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (2-3) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Margreet ten Have ◽

Wilma Vollebergh ◽

Rob Bijl ◽

Willem A. Nolen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

General Population ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Incidence Study ◽

Health Survey ◽

Care Utilisation ◽

Mental Health Survey

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The Paradox of Social Anxiety and Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Presentation and Treatment

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70837-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

C. Ruggero ◽

K. Dalymple ◽

M. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Clinical Epidemiology ◽

Close Association ◽

Present Report ◽

The United States ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Using Data

Several reports have recently highlighted the close association between anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder. These reports have indicated a worse course for patients with such comorbidity, including more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes. Fewer studies, however, have closely looked at how social anxiety in particular impacts the clinical presentation and treatment-seeking behavior of people with bipolar disorder. The present report addresses this question using data from the Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, one of the largest ongoing clinical epidemiology studies in the United States with over 2,500 participants enrolled to date. Participants were outpatients seeking psychiatric treatment, all of whom underwent an extensive assessment via semi-structured interviews by highly trained diagnosticians. Patients with bipolar disorder and social anxiety (n = 85) were compared to patients with bipolar disorder alone (n = 150) on a series of clinical characteristics, including comorbidity, to determine how social anxiety impacts the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder. Results indicate that comorbid social anxiety is associated with a more severe clinical presentation. Follow-up analyses explored the extent to which this was due to social anxiety specifically versus comorbidity in general. Discussion focuses on how differences in presentation due to comorbid social anxiety and bipolar disorder are likely to impact treatment.

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