Airway resistance

2012 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance

Airway Resistance during Esophageal Phonation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Yoshiyuki Horii ◽  
Eric Blom ◽  
Mark Singer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Voice Restoration ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Restoration Method

Prosthesis airway resistance calculations were completed for five Blom-Singer prostheses and esophageal source airway resistance estimated were made of five laryngectomized patients using the Singer-Blom voice restoration method. Airway resistance of the Blom-Singer prostheses ranged from 46 to 121 cmH 2 O/LPS, while source airways resistance in these subjects ranged from about 155 to 270 cmH 2 O/LPS. These results revealed that the opposition of the voicing sources used in esophageal speech production to airflow through them is substantial and larger than that established for the normal, laryngeal source. Findings are interpreted to highlight major advantages the Singer-Blom (1980) method of speech/voice restoration has over esophageal speech/voice produced on a conventional basis and to reveal specific reasons for the failure of may laryngectomized patients to develop consistent voice and functionally serviceable speech.

scholarly journals Impact of artificial airway resistances on regional ventilation distribution during airway closure

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Melanie März ◽  
Sarah Howe ◽  
Bernhard Laufer ◽  
Knut Moeller ◽  
Sabine Krueger-Ziolek
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Airway Closure ◽  
Ventilation Distribution ◽  
Regional Ventilation ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Artificial Airway ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Forced Breathing

AbstractElectrical impedance tomography (EIT), a noninvasive and radiation-free imaging technique can be used in pulmonary function monitoring for determining regional ventilation distribution within the lung. Gold standard in pulmonary function monitoring is spirometry/body plethysmography, a method using forced breathing maneuvers to obtain global lung function parameters. However, this method is heavily dependent on the cooperation of the patients. Within this observational study, a method under normal breathing was tested with 5 healthy volunteers, which provides regional information about ventilation distribution. The occlusion method Rocc, a method for determining airway resistance, was used to create a short-term airway closure. Regional ventilation during the airway closure was examined with EIT. Simultaneously four different artificial airway resistances were used to simulate airway obstructions. Results show that EIT in combination with the ROcc method is suitable for the detection of regional differences in ventilation during airway closure for all four artificial airway resistances. Although the sum of relative impedances at the end of the shutter maneuver are smaller (nearly -0.100 AU) for the airway resistances Ø 12.5 mm, Ø 10.5 mm and Ø 9.5 mm than for the smallest one with Ø 30.0 mm (~ -0.070 AU), the changes in impedance from the start to the end of the shutter maneuver differs only slightly between the four artificial airway resistances. All impedance changes are in the range of 0.100 to 0.130 AU. The combination of EIT and the ROcc method provides not only global parameters such as airway resistance under normal breathing conditions, but also results of regional ventilation, which could enable the identification of areas affected by airway obstructions. However, the obtained results indicate that EIT might be a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of obstructive lung diseases.

Objective assessment of nasal resistance among electronic cigarette users

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S W Lim ◽  
AB Zulkiflee
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes have been a popular alternative to tobacco smoking. The effect of tobacco smoking on nasal airway resistance has been investigated before; however, the effect of the aerosol generated by electronic cigarettes is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of e-cigarettes on nasal airway resistance. Methods Sixty-one participants were recruited into a vapers group and a control group. The vapers group was instructed to smoke for 5 minutes, and their nasal resistance was measured pre-procedure and at 1 and 5 minutes post-procedure. The results were compared between both groups. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that vaping has no statistically significant effect on total nasal airway resistance. Conclusion Although the differences between both groups were not statistically significant overall, the vapers group showed a reduction in nasal airway resistance in the short term.

Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase to a bronchodilator

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. L280-L288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Jacobs ◽  
Richard M. Effros ◽  
John R. Falck ◽  
K. Malla Reddy ◽  
William B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
H 20

Rabbit airway tissue is a particularly rich source of cytochrome P-4504A protein, but very little information regarding the effect(s) of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on bronchial tone is available. Our studies examined the response of rabbit bronchial rings to 20-HETE and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and 20-HETE from airway microsomes. 20-HETE (10−8 to 10−6 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of bronchial rings precontracted with KCl or histamine but not with carbachol. Relaxation to 20-HETE was blocked by indomethacin or epithelium removal, consistent with the conversion of 20-HETE to a bronchial relaxant by epithelial cyclooxygenase. A cyclooxygenase product of 20-HETE also elicited relaxation of bronchial rings. [14C]arachidonic acid was converted by airway microsomes to products that comigrated with authentic 20-HETE (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 19- and 20-HETE) and to unidentified polar metabolites. [3H]20-HETE was metabolized to indomethacin-inhibitable products. These data suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenous product of rabbit airway tissue and may modulate airway resistance in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner.

Motor responses to positive-pressure breathing in the developing opossum

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Upper Airway Resistance ◽  
Upper Airway Muscles

The suckling opossum exhibits an expiration-phased discharge in abdominal muscles during positive-pressure breathing (PPB); the response becomes apparent, however, only after the 3rd-5th wk of postnatal life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the early lack of activation represented a deficiency of segmental outflow to abdominal muscles or whether comparable effects were observed in cranial outflows to muscles of the upper airways due to immaturity of afferent and/or supraspinal pathways. Anesthetized suckling opossums between 15 and 50 days of age were exposed to PPB; electromyogram (EMG) responses in diaphragm and abdominal muscles were measured, along with EMG of larynx dilator muscles and/or upper airway resistance. In animals older than approximately 30 days of age, the onset of PPB was associated with a prolonged expiration-phased EMG activation of larynx dilator muscles and/or decreased upper airway resistance, along with expiratory recruitment of the abdominal muscle EMG. These effects persisted as long as the load was maintained. Younger animals showed only those responses related to the upper airway; in fact, activation of upper airway muscles during PPB could be associated with suppression of the abdominal motor outflow. After unilateral vagotomy, abdominal and upper airway motor responses to PPB were reduced. The balance between PPB-induced excitatory and inhibitory or disfacilitory influences from the supraspinal level on abdominal motoneurons and/or spinal processing of information from higher centers may shift toward net excitation as the opossum matures.

Limitations of electronic compensation for measuring plethysmographic airway resistance in infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmaja Subbarao ◽  
Georg Hulskamp ◽  
Janet Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Electronic Compensation
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