International standards for tuberculosis care: integrating tuberculosis care and control

2008 ◽  
pp. 271-286
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

scholarly journals Where literature is scarce: observations and lessons learnt from four systematic reviews of zoonoses in African countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Alonso ◽  
Johanna Lindahl ◽  
Kristina Roesel ◽  
Sylvain Gnamien Traore ◽  
Bassa Antoine Yobouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Review Question ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe success of a systematic review depends on the availability, accessibility and quality of literature related to the review question. This paper presents the literature found in four systematic reviews conducted for a selection of zoonotic hazards in four livestock value chains in Africa, as well as setting out the challenges in conducting the reviews. The protocol was designed following international standards, and addressed four questions around prevalence, risk factors, control options and impact of various hazards and populations. Searches were conducted in four online databases. Articles were screened for relevance, and quality was assessed before data extraction. Literature on zoonotic hazards was in general scarce and access to full articles was limited. Overall, 25–40% of papers were considered poor quality. The diversity of approaches and designs in the studies compromised the ability to generate summarized estimates. We found that the emphasis of veterinary research has been on livestock problems rather than public health issues, although this seems to be shifting in the last decade; we also found there are limited studies on impact and control. While increasing literature is being published around zoonoses in Africa, this is still inadequate to appropriately inform policy and guide research efforts.

scholarly journals Public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control in Myanmar: a strategy to scale up?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Thet Lwin ◽  
S. K. Sahu ◽  
P. Owiti ◽  
P. Chinnakali ◽  
S. S. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Public Private Mix ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

CTOD Evaluation for HAZ Toughness of Offshore Structure Steels with Heavy Thickness Based on API RP 2Z

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2916-2922
Author(s):  
Ting Miao ◽  
Zhang Mu Miao ◽  
Ling Hu ◽  
Xiang Kui Zhang ◽  
Wei Fang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crack Tip Opening ◽  
Haz Toughness

The CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) evaluation and control for HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) toughness of welded joints are the most effective measures to the security of steel structures. This paper address the problem of the newly developed offshore structure steel API 2W 50Z with heavy thickness of 100mm. In accordance with the American Petroleum Institute standard Recommended Practice 2Z (API PR 2Z), the CTOD tests of two critical positions of HAZ in three kinds of heat inputs were carried out in low temperature (-10°C). All of these CTOD testing and assessments are finished under the witness of American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). The result shows that all of the CTOD values are greater than the required value (0.38mm) in API RP 2Z. This indicates that the newly developed offshore structure steel (API 2W 50Z) meet the requirement of the toughness. Further, the CTOD testing and assessments in several international standards about weld joints of steel plates are also compared and discussed in this paper.

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