Principles of forensic practice

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design. The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%). In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

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Определение ведущей руки в судебно-медицинской практике с помощью стоматологического индекса КПУ

Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal ◽

10.35177/1994-5191-2020-2-46-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-48

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Left Handed ◽

Forensic Practice ◽

The World ◽

Medical Identification ◽

The Right

In current forensic medicine practice, the need for the development of new, scientiﬁcally based approaches and methods of forensic medical identiﬁcation is still very important. The number of left-handed people in the world varies from 5 to 30 %, and it can be useful in forensic practice. The possibility of establishing a dominating hand based on the intensity of dental caries (CFE - CARIES-FILLIN-EXTRACTION index) was studied. Taking into consideration the intensity of caries damage to the teeth on the right and left sides of right-handed, left-handed and ambidextras people, we oﬀered and calculated the CFE diﬀerence index: «CFE on the right – CFE on the left». Signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the CFE indexes can help to determine what hand has been predominant and it might be useful for forensic specialists.

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CLINICAL AND FORENSIC ASPECTS OF PHARMACOBEZOARS

Current Drug Research Reviews ◽

10.2174/2589977512666200217094018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Basílio ◽

Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Immediate Release ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Forensic Practice ◽

Wide Range ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Complete History ◽

Lethal Blood

Background: Pharmacobezoars are specific types of bezoars formed when medicines, such as tablets, suspensions, and/or drug delivery systems, aggregate and may cause death by occluding airways with tenacious material or by eluting drugs resulting in toxic or lethal blood concentrations. Objective: This work aims to fully review the state-of-the-art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and other relevant clinical and forensic features of pharmacobezoars. Results: patients of a wide range of ages and in both sexes present with signs and symptoms of intoxications or more commonly gastrointestinal obstructions. The exact mechanisms of pharmacobezoar formation are unknown but is likely multifactorial. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the gastrointestinal segment affected and should be personalized to the medication and the underlying factor. A good and complete history, physical examination, image tests, upper endoscopy and surgery through laparotomy of the lower tract are useful for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Pharmacobezoars are rarely seen in clinical and forensic practice. They are related to controlled or immediate-release formulations, liquid or non-digestible substances, in normal or altered digestive motility/anatomy tract, and in overdoses or therapeutic doses, and should be suspected in the presence of risk factors or patients taking drugs which may form pharmacobezoars.

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Forensic Pluralism and the Dead Body in Early 20th-Century China

Academic Forensic Pathology ◽

10.1177/19253621211002504 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 192536212110025

Author(s):

Daniel Asen

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

First Generation ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

13Th Century ◽

The Qing Dynasty ◽

Forensic Practice ◽

Local Officials ◽

Examination Methods ◽

Death Investigation

Modern forensic medicine was introduced into China during the first decades of the 20th century. The members of China’s first generation of medicolegal experts were soon advocating that medical expertise play a greater role in police and judicial officials’ investigations of suspicious death and homicide cases. While forensic reform in China had parallels with developments in other contemporary societies in which physicians were pushing for a greater role in the law, this process unfolded in China in unique ways, against the backdrop of an older tradition of forensic science that had developed under the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Central to this tradition was the Records on the Washing Away of Wrongs, a handbook of forensic practice that was written in the 13th century and saw numerous editions and expansions over subsequent centuries. Death investigation in early 20th-century China was defined by “forensic pluralism,” a situation in which the different body examination methods and standards of forensic proof associated with the Washing Away of Wrongs and modern forensic medicine were both accepted by officialdom and society. This article untangles the complexities of forensic practice during this period through the rather unexceptional exchange over a case of suspected drowning that occurred between local officials in Hebei province and Lin Ji (1897-1951), director of the Beiping University Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine. This case reveals the different regimes of forensic knowledge and practice that were used in China during this period as well as the sites at which they interacted.

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The Application of the Repertory Grid in Forensic Practice

Journal of Constructivist Psychology ◽

10.1080/10720537.2020.1865222 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

R. Kitson-Boyce ◽

R. Wheatley ◽

N. Blagden

Keyword(s):

Repertory Grid ◽

Forensic Practice

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Circular RNAs in Sudden Cardiac Death Related Diseases: Novel Biomarker for Clinical and Forensic Diagnosis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1155

Author(s):

Meihui Tian ◽

Zhipeng Cao ◽

Hao Pang

Keyword(s):

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Early Stage ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Postmortem Diagnosis ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Forensic Practice ◽

Artery Disease

The prevention and diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) are among the most important keystones and challenges in clinical and forensic practice. However, the diagnostic value of the current biomarkers remains unresolved issues. Therefore, novel diagnostic biomarkers are urgently required to identify patients with early-stage cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and to assist in the postmortem diagnosis of SCD cases without typical cardiac damage. An increasing number of studies show that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have stable expressions in myocardial tissue, and their time- and tissue-specific expression levels might reflect the pathophysiological status of the heart, which makes them potential CVD biomarkers. In this article, we briefly introduced the biogenesis and functional characteristics of circRNAs. Moreover, we described the roles of circRNAs in multiple SCD-related diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial ischemia or infarction, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis, and discussed the application prospects and challenges of circRNAs as a novel biomarker in the clinical and forensic diagnosis of SCD.

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