Surface water and streambed sediment interaction: The hyporheic exchange

2012 ◽  
pp. 275-314
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Streambed Sediment

scholarly journals Insight into the influence of local streambed heterogeneity on hyporheic-zone flow characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2697-2712
Author(s):  
Robert Earon ◽  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Liwen Wu ◽  
Bo Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Hyporheic Flow ◽  
Exchange Processes

AbstractInteraction between surface water and groundwater plays a fundamental role in influencing aquatic chemistry, where hyporheic exchange processes, distribution of flow paths and residence times within the hyporheic zone will influence the transport of mass and energy in the surface-water/groundwater system. Geomorphological conditions greatly influence hyporheic exchange, and heterogeneities such as rocks and clay lenses will be a key factor for delineating the hyporheic zone. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to investigate the streambed along a 6.3-m-long reach in order to characterise geological layering and distinct features which may influence parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Time-lapse ERT measurements taken during a tracer injection demonstrated that geological features at the meter-scale played a determining role for the hyporheic flow field. The penetration depth of the tracer into the streambed sediment displayed a variable spatial pattern in areas where the presence of highly resistive anomalies was detected. In areas with more homogeneous sediments, the penetration depth was much more uniformly distributed than observed in more heterogeneous sections, demonstrating that ERT can play a vital role in identifying critical hydraulic features that may influence hyporheic exchange processes. Reciprocal ERT measurements linked variability and thus uncertainty in the modelled resistivity to the spatial locations, which also demonstrated larger variability in the tracer penetration depth, likely due to local heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field.

scholarly journals A review of methods for measuring groundwater–surface water exchange in braided rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4397-4417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Coluccio ◽  
Leanne Kaye Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract. Braided rivers, while uncommon internationally, are significant in terms of their unique ecosystems and as vital freshwater resources at locations where they occur. With an increasing awareness of the connected nature of surface water and groundwater, there have been many studies examining groundwater–surface water exchange in various types of waterbodies, but significantly less research has been conducted in braided rivers. Thus, there is currently limited understanding of how characteristics unique to braided rivers, such as channel shifting, expanding and narrowing margins, and a high degree of heterogeneity affect groundwater–surface water flow paths. This article provides an overview of characteristics specific to braided rivers, including a map showing the regions where braided rivers are mainly found at the global scale: Alaska, Canada, the Japanese and European Alps, the Himalayas, Russia, and New Zealand. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first map of its kind. This is followed by a review of prior studies that have investigated groundwater–surface water interactions in braided rivers and their associated aquifers. The various methods used to characterise these processes are discussed with emphasis on their effectiveness in achieving the studies' objectives and their applicability in braided rivers. We also discuss additional methods that appear promising to apply in braided river settings. The aim is to provide guidance on methodologies most suitable for future work in braided rivers. In many cases, previous studies found a multi-method approach useful to produce more robust results and compare data collected at various scales. Given the challenges of working directly in braided rivers, there is considerable scope for the increased use of remote sensing techniques. There is also opportunity for new approaches to modelling braided rivers using integrated techniques that incorporate the complex river bed terrain and geomorphology of braided rivers explicitly. We also identify a critical need to improve the conceptual understanding of hyporheic exchange in braided rivers, rates of recharge to and from braided rivers, and historical patterns of dry and low-flow periods in these rivers.

Sensitivity Analysis of Hyporheic Exchange to Small Scale Changes In Gravel-Sand Flumebed Using A Coupled Groundwater-Surface Water Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Mehedi ◽  
Nora Reichert ◽  
Frank Molkenthin
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flume Experiments

<p>Distribution of the hyporheic streamlines and residence time (HRT) is a crucial factor under streambed to understand the transport phenomena of environmental toxins, sediment metabolic rates in fluvial ecology as well as hydrological water budget. To quantify HRT, both the laboratory and numerical approach could serve as discerning tools. However, due to high heterogeneity in natural streambed sediment and topography, an efficient numerical model setup can prove to be pragmatic in comparison to tedious laboratory experiments for tracing streamlines. Moreover, repeatability of results, high amount of variation in the laboratory flumebed setup, greater insight into the 3D flow system and investigation possibilities with regard to individual streamlines or particular areas of HRT distribution cannot be well executed in laboratory. On the other hand, an automated generation of hyporheic streamlines with a range of various flumebed setups could propel a better understanding of the process and behavior of hyporheic streamlines and HRT distribution. Therefore, a robust numerical method could bestow to trace a large number of particles from various seeding locations at the flumebed. All of these facts enforce the necessity of numerical modeling of flume experiments to perceive the hyporheic exchange mechanisms at fieldwork and research, which are difficult to segregate under natural in-stream conditions. Keeping these issues in mind, we developed an automated numerical  method for quantifying the hyporheic exchange, where the surface water modeling software, HEC-RAS 5.0.5 and the subsurface flow and reactive transport code, MIN3P are coupled. A channel segment with a longitudinal dimension of 1 m and water surface elevation of 0.02 m is used for generating the hydraulic head distribution over the flumebed. A groundwater model domain of the dimensions of x:y:z = 1m:0.1m:0.1m is considered for the investigation of hyporheic exchange. A simple code for computing streamlines based on 4th order Runge-Kutta technique with the adaptive time integration method is developed using Matlab. Sensitivity analysis of streamline distribution and HRT to small scale changes (e.g. changes in dimension, distribution, and shape of the flumebed material) was performed, assuming a sand-gravel material mix. Various geometric shapes of gravel pieces (e.g. triangle, rectangle, trapezoid, and sphere) were used to vary the elevation of flumebed on a 1 mm scale. The results of the automated process show that the size, shape and distribution of trapezoidal gravel and sand portion in the streambed have a significant impact over hyporheic streamlines and HRT. High number and length of streamlines thus high HRT are found in case of the higher length of ridges created by the elevated portion of gravel pieces. In case of the increase of the length of gravel pieces along the longitudinal direction of flumebed, the length of streamlines and HRT decrease whereas the number of streamlines increase. Small scale hyporheic exchanges are found in case of increasing length of gravel pieces. Similar outcomes are also found for triangular and spherical gravel pieces. Both the number and length of streamlines are significantly reduced in case of the high number of gravel and sand portion on the streambed.</p>

New Insights on Scale-dependent Surface-Groundwater Exchange from a Floating Self-potential Dipole

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-287
Author(s):  
Scott J. Ikard ◽  
Andrew P. Teeple ◽  
Jason D. Payne ◽  
Gregory P. Stanton ◽  
J. Ryan Banta
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Exchange Flows ◽  
Guadalupe River ◽  
Groundwater Exchange ◽  
Self Potential ◽  
Ambient Groundwater ◽  
Water Borne

In south-central Texas the lower Guadalupe River has incised into the outcrop of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer. The river and the aquifer are hydraulically connected across the outcrop, although the connectivity is obscured at the surface by alluvium and surface-water and groundwater exchange dynamics are currently poorly understood. To investigate surface-water and groundwater exchange dynamics between the lower Guadalupe River and the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer, a geophysical study was completed along a 14.86 km reach of the river by using water-borne gradient self-potential (SP) profiling and two-dimensional direct-current electric resistivity tomography. This paper explores the applicability of these water-borne geoelectric methods in delineating gaining and losing channel reaches, and demonstrates that geoelectric signals in the form of total electric field strength can be logged with an electric dipole and decomposed into component SP signals depicting regional and local groundwater flow patterns attributable to regional and localized hydraulic gradients. Localized SP anomalies of several tens of millivolts, indicative of hyporheic exchange flows, are observed and superimposed upon a 124 mV regional SP anomaly indicative of ambient groundwater exchange flows between the river and the aquifer. The observed SP signals are interpreted through two-dimensional finite-element modeling of streaming potentials attributable to ambient groundwater exchange and hyporheic exchange flow patterns. Variables of the channel environment such as temperature and concentration gradients, depth, and velocity are considered and subsequently eliminated as alternative sources of the SP signals that are presented.

Seasonal variations in surface water groundwater interaction alter the relation of solute transport and biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara-Maria Schmitgen ◽  
Tobias Schuetz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Exchange Flux

<p>The hyporheic interstitial as interface between surface water and groundwater offers a unique environment for contaminant attenuation and nutrient cycling, with steep chemical gradients and high retention times. Disentangling the effect of seasonal dynamics in exchange flux intensities and directions, we carried out 19 measurement campaigns where we sampled the continuum surface water - hyporheic zone - groundwater and the climatic and hydraulic boundary conditions of a whole year. Groundwater, surface water and hyporheic zone pore water from four depths were sampled at two vertical profiles in a second order stream about 150 m downstream a municipal waste water treatment plant effluent. Samples were analyzed for physical water parameters, major anions, ammonium, iron, manganese, NPOC and five selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, carbamazepine, caffeine, ethinylestradiol and clofibric acid). Surface water and groundwater levels as well as river discharge were measured to quantify the hydraulic boundary conditions. In addition, three vertical profiles, each equipped with five newly developed probes (Truebner AG) allowed a parallel monitoring of continuous bulk water temperatures and bulk electrical conductivity dynamics over two years. Furthermore, continuous hyporheic exchange flux intensities and exchange depths were calculated using analytical and numerical model schemes to allow distinguishing between small scale transport and attenuation processes.</p><p>The typical behavior of the redox sensitive metals and nutrients with depth is visible in each single profile snapshot. The picture is not as clear for the examined pharmaceuticals, because dilution has a major effect on the observable low concentrations. However, a clear seasonal variation driven by hydraulic and climatic processes can be observed for all substances. We were able to trace the organic pollutants down to the groundwater. Furthermore, the influence of hyporheic exchange flux intensities and directions on nutrient and contaminant depth profiles is shown.</p>

Are in-stream transport and hyporheic exchange parameters identifiable from tracer test data?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bottacin-Busolin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Stream Transport ◽  
Exchange Parameters

<p>Inverse modeling approaches based on tracer data are often used to characterize transport processes in streams and rivers. This generally involves the calibration of a one-dimensional transport model using concentrations measured in the surface water at one or multiple locations along a stream reach. A major concern is whether the calibrated model parameters are representative of the physical transport processes occurring in the water column and the underlying sediment bed. This study looks at the identifiability of the parameters of a physically based one-dimensional stream transport model that represents hyporheic exchange as a vertically attenuated mixing process in accordance with recent experimental evidence. It is shown that, if the average flow velocity and hydraulic radius are not predetermined, there are infinite sets of parameter values that generate the same space-time concentration distributions in the water column. The result implies that in-stream transport and hyporheic exchange parameters cannot be determined from sole measurements of solute breakthrough curves in the surface water unless stream discharge and average cross-sectional geometry can be independently estimated.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document