Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Raw Material for the Future

2012 ◽  
pp. 484-491
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Future

Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Sustainable Bioenergy Source for the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabih Fatma ◽  
Amir Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Temoor Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Three sequences of site-writing

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Angela Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
The Future

The article is comprised of three exercises of "site writing" interrupted by theoretical and methodological intermissions. The sequences take the reader to a topographical and exegetical journey into various images, memory traces and narratives that treat reality as raw material for dreaming. Adopting architectural historian Jane Rendell's critical framework of site writing, the article aims at radical spatialization of the sites through which narratives emerge, memories are revisited and possibilities for the future are suggested. Site writing is not writing about spaces, but writing spaces, engaging the materiality of the images and the phenomenological encounters with them through spatiality and positioning of the images. Thus, images become sites through which the narrative unfolds. The image-sites that form the three key sequences include the juxtaposition of two towns-Kars and Giumryin Turkey and in Armenia respectively in a way that the images of the townscapes neither comment, nor repeat, but double each other; a journey through Los Angeles' Westin Bonaventure hotel and its relationship to the body and the landscape; and a reading of the latent possibilities of the material in artist Kasper Kovitz's landscape paintings and installations.

scholarly journals Production of Carbohydrates from Cardoon Pre-Treated by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bertini ◽  
Mattia Gelosia ◽  
Gianluca Cavalaglio ◽  
Marco Barbanera ◽  
Tommaso Giannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Pre Treatment

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a promising crop from which to obtain oilseeds and lignocellulosic biomass. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion is a thermochemical process that can efficiently pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass. The drawback is the production of a high number of carbohydrate degradation products in the liquid fraction that could inhibit microbial growth. In this work, the lignocellulosic biomass of cardoon, gathered from a dedicated field, were used as the raw material for the production of fermentable monosaccharides by employing acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The raw material was pre-soaked with a dilute 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid solution and then subjected to steam explosion under three different severity conditions. The recovered slurry was separated into solid and liquid fractions, which were individually characterized to determine total carbohydrate and inhibitor concentrations. The slurry and the washed solid fraction underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release glucose and pentose monosaccharides. By conducting the pre-treatment at 175 °C for 35 min and hydrolyzing the obtained slurry, a yield of 33.17 g of monosaccharides/100 g of cardoon was achieved. At the same conditions, 4.39 g of inhibitors/100 g of cardoon were produced.

Microbial Oil Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass – Recent Development and Prospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Zhang Nan Lin ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Zhi Qin Wang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Application Potential

Microbial oil is one of the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production because of its rapid reproduction and less influence by the climate and season variation. However, the high cost is one of the key issues that restricted its production in a large-scale. Lignocellulosic biomass, the cheap and renewable resource, might be the best raw material for microbial oil production by oleaginous microorganisms. Recent development on the microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and application potential of microbial oil were prospected.

Sustainable sources need reliable standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Galkin ◽  
Davide Di Francesco ◽  
Ulrica Edlund ◽  
Joseph S. M. Samec
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Paper And Pulp Industry ◽  
Analytical Tools

This review discusses the challenges within the research area of modern biomass fractionation and valorization. The current pulping industry focuses on pulp production and the resulting cellulose fiber. Hemicellulose and lignin are handled as low value streams for process heat and the regeneration of process chemicals. The paper and pulp industry have therefore developed analytical techniques to evaluate the cellulose fiber, while the other fractions are given a low priority. In a strive to also use the hemicellulose and lignin fractions of lignocellulosic biomass, moving towards a biorefining concept, there are severe shortcomings with the current pulping techniques and also in the analysis of the biomass. Lately, new fractionation techniques have emerged which valorize a larger extent of the lignocellulosic biomass. This progress has disclosed the shortcomings in the analysis of mainly the hemicellulose and lignin structure and properties. To move the research field forward, analytical tools for both the raw material, targeting all the wood components, and the generated fractions, as well as standardized methods for evaluating and reporting yields are desired. At the end of this review, a discourse on how such standardizations can be implemented is given.

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