Nanometer-Scale Processing by Tribological Action and Its Potential Applications

2012 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Design of an On-Chip Plasmonic Modulator Based on Hybrid Orthogonal Junctions Using Vanadium Dioxide

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Gregory Beti Tanyi ◽  
Miao Sun ◽  
Christina Lim ◽  
Ranjith Rajasekharan Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Orthogonal Geometry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Insertion Losses

We present the design of a plasmonic modulator based on hybrid orthogonal silver junctions using vanadium dioxide as the modulating material on a silicon-on-insulator. The modulator has an ultra-compact footprint of 1.8 μm × 1 μm with a 100 nm × 100 nm modulating section based on the hybrid orthogonal geometry. The modulator takes advantage of the large change in the refractive index of vanadium dioxide during its phase transition to achieve a high modulation depth of 46.89 dB/μm. The simulated device has potential applications in the development of next generation high frequency photonic modulators for optical communications which require nanometer scale footprints, large modulation depth and small insertion losses.

Biochemical Processing of Materials: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry L. Hench
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Stereochemical Control ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTMany biological systems have evolved means of controlling the architecture of inorganic-organic composites at a nanometer scale. The principles of biochemistry and materials science underlying the potential use of biochemical processing to develop new molecularly tailored materials are discussed, with emphasis on:methods of stereochemical control of the organic-inorganic interface,genetic and enzymic control of biosynthesis and biomineralization,molecular orbital modelling of bio organic-inorganic interfaces,barriers and limitations of biomimetic and hierarchical processing,examples of unique materials made with biochemical processing.needs and potential applications in human prostheses.

Nanometer-scale structures produced in oxide films

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
J. L. Hollenbeck ◽  
R. C. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Amorphous Thin Films ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Beam Interaction ◽  
Immediate Analysis

Rapid material removal has been found to occur in a number of metal halide and oxide films at the point of exposure to a high intensity electron beam. As a result, 3-dimensional, nanometer scale (1-100 nm) structures have been produced in these materials. Possible applications of these systems include substrates for high density E-beam data storage and E-beam resist materials for mask fabrication. Other potential applications would include processes where controlled patterning on a nanometer scale is desirable. In this study amorphous thin films of ZrO2, Y2O3 and AI2O3 were deposited onto coated Cu-grid substrates and the mechanism whereby E-beam interaction promoted rapid material removal on a nanometer scale was explored.Films less than 200 nm in thickness were prepared in a Perkin-Elmer Randex 3140-6J sputtering system. Deposition of films directly onto 20 mesh formvar coated TEM grids facilitated handling and allowed immediate analysis by EM techniques.

Recent investigations on nonlinear absorption properties of carbon nanotubes

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Chu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Dechun Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon based nanomaterials with long hollow structure and diameter at the nanometer scale. The chirality in combination with the radius determines the unique properties of CNTs. These CNTs with different properties have wide applications in the nanotechnology, electronics, photonics, and other fields in materials science and technology. In this review, we highlight the recent investigations on the nonlinear optical properties and applications in the lasers. The future research aspects and potential applications are discussed at the end of the review.

Focused Ion Beam Fabricated Polystyrene-Platinum Thermal Microactuator

2011 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Choo Lee ◽  
Gursel Alici ◽  
Geoff Spinks ◽  
Gwénaëlle Proust ◽  
Julie M. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermal Actuators ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scanning Electron

Individually released polystyrene-platinum bimorph microcantilevers that have potential applications as MEMS/NEMS thermal actuators are produced using focused ion beam micromachining technique. The microcantilevers are sharply defined and triangular in cross-section, and are about 20µm long, 2 µm wide and 1.5 µm thick. The fabrication process is fast (< 3 hours) and does not require any mask or resist. The nanometer-scale displacement of the resulting bimorph microactuator with respect to temperature change is recorded via imaging in a scanning electron microscope, equipped with a heating stage. By increasing the temperature to ca. 55 °C, a tip deflection of ca. 380 nm was measured. This result is compared with the numerical result obtained from a finite element analysis (FEA).

scholarly journals Nanometer-Scale Pores: Potential Applications for Analyte Detection and DNA Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Kasianowicz
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Single Channels ◽  
Lipid Bilayer Membranes ◽  
Bilayer Membranes ◽  
Dna Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Analyte Detection

Several classes of transmembrane protein ion channels function in vivo as sensitive and selective detection elements for analytes. Recent studies on single channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer membranes suggest that nanometer-scale pores can be used to detect, quantitate and characterize a wide range of analytes that includes small ions and single stranded DNA. We briefly review here these studies and identify leaps in technology that, if realized, might lead to innovations for the early detection of cancer.

An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove ◽  
R. T. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

Microstructure of laser-irradiated, conducting Kapton polyimide

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan ◽  
Z. Ball ◽  
H. M. Phillips ◽  
R. Sauerbrey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Potential Applications

Ultraviolet laser-irradiation can be used to induce an insulator-to-conductor phase transition on the surface of Kapton polyimide. Such structures have potential applications as resistors or conductors for VLSI applications as well as general utility electrodes. Although the percolative nature of the phase transformation has been well-established, there has been little definitive work on the mechanism or extent of transformation. In particular, there has been considerable debate about whether or not the transition is primarily photothermal in nature, as we propose, or photochemical. In this study, cross-sectional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the nature of microstructural changes associated with the laser-induced pyrolysis of polyimide.Laser-modified polyimide samples initially 12 μm thick were prepared in cross-section by standard ultramicrotomy. Resulting contraction in parallel to the film surface has led to distortions in apparent magnification. The scale bars shown are calibrated for the direction normal to the film surface only.

Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Jeff Gelles
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Enzyme Molecule ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Individual Enzyme ◽  
Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

Microstructural characterization of sol-gel coating on PET films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
R. T. Chen ◽  
R.A. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Pet Films

Sol-gel processing has been used to control the structure of a material on a nanometer scale in preparing advanced ceramics and glasses. Film coating using the sol-gel process was also found to be a viable process technology in applications such as optical, porous, antireflection and hard coatings. In this study, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) coatings are applied to PET films for various industrial applications. Sol-gel materials are known to exhibit nanometer scale structures which havepreviously been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering and light scattering. Imaging of the ultrafine sol-gel structures has also been performed using an ultrahigh resolution replica/TEM technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrafine structures inthe sol gel coatings using a direct imaging technique: atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, correlation of microstructures with processing parameters, coating density and other physical properties will be discussed.The materials evaluated are organically modified silicate coatings on PET film substrates. Refractive index measurement by the prism coupling method was used to assess density of the sol-gel coating.AFM imaging was performed on a Nanoscope III AFM (by Digital Instruments) using constant force mode. Solgel coating samples coated with a thin layer of Ft (by ion beam sputtering) were also examined by STM in order to confirm the structures observed in the contact type AFM. In addition, to compare the previous results, sol-gel powder samples were also prepared by ultrasonication followed by Pt/Au shadowing and examined using a JEOL 100CX TEM.

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