Prognosis and prediction: Towards individualised treatments

2012 ◽  
pp. 195-236
Keyword(s):  
Prognosis And Prediction

scholarly journals Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Jouida ◽  
Cormac McCarthy ◽  
Aurelie Fabre ◽  
Michael P. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Functional Effect ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Egfr Mutated

AbstractExosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

scholarly journals Clinical Perspective on Proteomic and Glycomic Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2655
Author(s):  
Randa G. Hanna-Sawires ◽  
Jorinde H. Schiphuis ◽  
Manfred Wuhrer ◽  
Hans F. A. Vasen ◽  
Monique E. van Leerdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Prognostic Stratification ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Study Designs

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known as a highly aggressive malignant disease. Prognosis for patients is notoriously poor, despite improvements in surgical techniques and new (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Early detection of PDAC may increase the overall survival. It is furthermore foreseen that precision medicine will provide improved prognostic stratification and prediction of therapeutic response. In this review, omics-based discovery efforts are presented that aim for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of PDAC. For this purpose, we systematically evaluated the literature published between 1999 and 2020 with a focus on protein- and protein-glycosylation biomarkers in pancreatic cancer patients. Besides genomic and transcriptomic approaches, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and glycomics of blood- and tissue-derived samples from PDAC patients have yielded new candidates with biomarker potential. However, for reasons discussed in this review, the validation and clinical translation of these candidate markers has not been successful. Consequently, there has been a change of mindset from initial efforts to identify new unimarkers into the current hypothesis that a combination of biomarkers better suits a diagnostic or prognostic panel. With continuing development of current research methods and available techniques combined with careful study designs, new biomarkers could contribute to improved detection, prognosis, and prediction of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Integrated Pathology Informatics Enables High-Quality Personalized and Precision Medicine: Digital Pathology and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Volynskaya ◽  
Hung Chow ◽  
Andrew Evans ◽  
Alan Wolff ◽  
Cecilia Lagmay-Traya; ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
The Right

Context.— The critical role of pathology in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction demands high-quality subspecialty diagnostics that integrates information from multiple laboratories. Objective.— To identify key requirements and to establish a systematic approach to providing high-quality pathology in a health care system that is responsible for services across a large geographic area. Design.— This report focuses on the development of a multisite pathology informatics platform to support high-quality surgical pathology and hematopathology using a sophisticated laboratory information system and whole slide imaging for histology and immunohistochemistry, integrated with ancillary tools, including electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Results.— These tools enable patients in numerous geographic locations access to a model of subspecialty pathology that allows reporting of every specimen by the right pathologist at the right time. The use of whole slide imaging for multidisciplinary case conferences enables better communication among members of patient care teams. The system encourages data collection using a discrete data synoptic reporting module, has implemented documentation of quality assurance activities, and allows workload measurement, providing examples of additional benefits that can be gained by this electronic approach to pathology. Conclusion.— This approach builds the foundation for accurate big data collection and high-quality personalized and precision medicine.

scholarly journals Profiling DNA Methylation Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Approaches: New Insights and Clinical Applications

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Barros-Silva ◽  
C. Marques ◽  
Rui Henrique ◽  
Carmen Jerónimo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Generation Sequencing

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression and, consequently, influences a wide variety of biological processes and diseases. The advances in next-generation sequencing technologies allow for genome-wide profiling of methyl marks both at a single-nucleotide and at a single-cell resolution. These profiling approaches vary in many aspects, such as DNA input, resolution, coverage, and bioinformatics analysis. Thus, the selection of the most feasible method according with the project’s purpose requires in-depth knowledge of those techniques. Currently, high-throughput sequencing techniques are intensively used in epigenomics profiling, which ultimately aims to find novel biomarkers for detection, diagnosis prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy, as well as to discover new targets for personalized treatments. Here, we present, in brief, a portrayal of next-generation sequencing methodologies’ evolution for profiling DNA methylation, highlighting its potential for translational medicine and presenting significant findings in several diseases.

scholarly journals Genitourinary Tumors: Update on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prediction of Response to Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Cimadamore ◽  
Marina Scarpelli ◽  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Francesco Massari ◽  
Francesca Tartari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction

Background:Research of biomarkers in genitourinary tumors goes along with the development of complex emerging techniques ranging from next generation sequencing platforms, applied to archival pathology specimens, cytological samples, liquid biopsies, and to patient-derived tumor models.Methods:This contribution is an update on molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in genitourinary tumors. The following major topics are dealt with: Immunological biomarkers, including the microbiome, and their potential role and caveats in renal cell carcinoma, bladder and prostate cancers and testicular germ cell tumors; Tissue biomarkers for imaging and therapy, with emphasis on Prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer; Liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer, including circulating tumor cell isolation and characterization in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer with emphasis on biomarkers detectable in the urine and testicular germ cell tumors; and Biomarkers and economic sustainability.Conclusion:The identification of effective biomarkers has become a major focus in cancer research, mainly due to the necessity of selecting potentially responsive patients in order to improve their outcomes, as well as to reduce the toxicity and costs related to ineffective treatments.

scholarly journals A Quest for New Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prediction Biomarkers and Their Use in Biosensors Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382095703
Author(s):  
Eda G. Ramirez-Valles ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez-Pulido ◽  
Marcelo Barraza-Salas ◽  
Isaac Martínez-Velis ◽  
Iván Meneses-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Traditional techniques for cancer diagnosis, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasound and tissue analysis, require sophisticated devices and highly trained personnel, which are characterized by elevated operation costs. The use of biomarkers has emerged as an alternative for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction because their measurement in tissues or fluids, such as blood, urine or saliva, is characterized by shorter processing times. However, the biomarkers used currently, and the techniques used for their measurement, including ELISA, western-blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunohistochemistry, possess low sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the search for new proteomic, genomic or immunological biomarkers and the development of new noninvasive, easier and cheaper techniques that meet the sensitivity and specificity criteria for the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of this disease has become a relevant topic. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the search for new cancer biomarkers, including the strategies that must be followed to identify them, as well as presenting the latest advances in the development of biosensors that possess a high potential for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction, mainly focusing on their relevance in lung, prostate and breast cancers.

scholarly journals Incidence, prognosis, and prediction of haemorrhagic transformation after revascularisation for stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. García Jurado ◽  
E. Roldán Romero ◽  
M.E. Pérez Montilla ◽  
R. Valverde Moyano ◽  
I.M. Bravo Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction
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