Endurance Exercise Preserves Endothelium Dependent Arterial Dynamics in the Elderly

2002 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
The Elderly

Abstract 30: Endurance Exercise Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy in Aged Nrf2-/- Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran Namakkal Soorappan ◽  
Dinesh Devdoss ◽  
Snkaranarayanan Kannan ◽  
Curtis Olsen ◽  
Sellamuthu Subbanna Gounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Aging Heart ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nuclear Levels ◽  
Endurance Stress

Background: Radical forms of oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are highly reactive with nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and promote their oxidation. Normally, cellular ROS/RNS concentrations are tightly controlled by the inducible antioxidant system, which is predominantly regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2) and its cytosolic repressor protein, Keap1. We hypothesized that a decrease or an abrogation of Nrf2 impairs cardiac function and induce hypertrophy upon endurance stress in aging heart. Methods: Age-matched wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-/- (KO) mice (n=12/gp) at 2 and >20 months were subjected to endurance exercise stress (EES; 20 meter/min, 12% grade) and assessed the activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent transcriptional mechanisms in the heart. Cardiac hypertrophy was determined by echocardiography, heart/body weight ratio and biochemical/molecular marker analyses. Results: Interestingly, both old-WT and Nrf2-/- mice exhibited oxidative stress on EES due to significant decrease or abrogation of Nrf2 nuclear levels, respectively, suggesting that aged-WT is equally susceptible to stress as Nrf2-/- mice. Age-dependent loss of Nrf2 decreased the transcription of Nrf2-dependent antioxidants and thereby elevated ROS levels to cause a more oxidized intracellular environment. Importantly, the loss of Nrf2 induced cardiac hypertrophy upon endurance stress in the aged (>20 mon) mice. At the end of 2-weeks of endurance stress, both the old-WT and Nrf2-/- mice had developed cardiac hypertrophy. Also, qPCR analysis showed significant (p<0.05) upregulation of hypertrophy markers (ANF and BNF) in the old-WT or Nrf2-/- when compared to sedentary WT mice confirmed cardiac hypertrophy due to loss of Nrf2. These results indicate that either a decrease or an abrogation of Nrf2 can increase susceptibility to stress induced hypertrophy in an aging heart. Conclusions: We conclude that enhancing protein levels and stability of nuclear Nrf2 could activate the transcription of major antioxidant enzymes and biosynthesis of key antioxidants. Enhancing protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the elderly is expected to prevent or delay the onset of age-associated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Involvement of PPARγ co-activator-1, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2, and PPARα in the adaptive response to endurance exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Baar
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factors ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Glucose Transporter Glut4

Endurance exercise training induces an increase in the respiratory capacity of muscle, resulting in an increased capacity to generate ATP as well as improved efficiency of muscle contraction. Such adaptations are largely the result of a coordinated genetic response that increases mitochondrial proteins, fatty acid oxidation enzymes and the exercise- and insulin-stimulated glucose transporter GLUT4, and shifts the contractile and regulatory proteins to their more efficient isoforms. In recent years a number of the transcriptional regulators involved in this genetic response have been identified and these factors can be classified into two different groups. The first group comprises transcription factors such as nuclear respiratory factors (NRF) 1 and 2 and PPARα that bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner. The second group, referred to as transcriptional co-activators, alter transcription without directly binding to DNA. The PPARγ co-activator (PGC) family of proteins have been identified as the central family of transcriptional co-activators for induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is activated by exercise, and is sufficient to produce the endurance phenotype through direct interactions with NRF-1 and PPARα, and potentially NRF-2. Furthering the understanding of the activation of PGC proteins following exercise has implications beyond improving athletic performance, including the possibility of providing targets for the treatment of frailty in the elderly, obesity and diseases such as mitochondrial myopathies and diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Lifelong Endurance Exercise on Cardiovascular Response to Orthostatic Stress in The Elderly Athletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Fujimoto ◽  
Graeme Carrick-Ranson ◽  
Paul S Bhella ◽  
Jeffrey L Hastings ◽  
Shigeki Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Orthostatic Stress ◽  
Elderly Athletes

The Effects of Endurance Exercise and Vitamin E on Oxidative Stress in the Elderly

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Jessup ◽  
Claydell Horne ◽  
Hossein Yarandi ◽  
John Quindry
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

To examine the effects of exercise and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in older adults, 59 participants, age 76.3 ± 4.2 years, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: an exercise group taking placebos (EGP) or vitamin E (EGE) or a sedentary group taking placebos (SGP) or vitamin E (SGE). Measures included weight, VO2max, blood pressure (BP), and serum concentrations of vitamin E and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH). At the end of the 16-week trial, the EGP and EGE had significant increases in VO2 max and significant decreases in resting BP, weight, and LOOH concentrations (P < 0.05). The SGE had significant decreases in LOOH and BP (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the SGP (P > 0.05). The results suggest that endurance exercise in combination with vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, improves aerobic fitness, and reduces BP and weight in older adults. Even sedentary participants who take vitamin E may reduce oxidative stress and lower BP.

Cell surface changes during aging of human bladder epithelium examined by lectin probes and SEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
J. Jacob ◽  
M.F.M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Cell Surface Changes ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Surface Changes

Ultrastructural changes have been shown to occur in the urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) during the life span of humans. With increasing age, the luminal surface becomes more flexible and develops simple microvilli-like processes. Furthermore, the specialised asymmetric structure of the luminal plasma membrane is relatively more prominent in the young than in the elderly. The nature of the changes at the luminal surface is now explored by lectin-mediated adsorption visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Samples of young adult (21-31 y old) and elderly (58-82 y old) urothelia were fixed in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 m and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing Ca++ and Mg++ at room temperature. They were incubated overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M ammonium chloride in PBS to block any remaining aldehyde groups. The samples were then allowed to stand in PBS at 37°C for 2 h before incubation at 37°C for 30 m with lectins. The lectins used were concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at a concentration of 500 mg/ml in PBS at pH 7.A.

The effect of dental geriatric curricula on attitudes toward the elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mann ◽  
TJ Bomberg ◽  
JM Holtzman ◽  
DB Berkey
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly

Pharmacology Issues Related to Dementia Syndrome of Depression in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Angel L. Ball ◽  
Adina S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Anticholinergic Medications ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

Pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly is higher than the population average. Among the patients on such medications are those with a puzzling mix of symptoms, diagnosed as “dementia syndrome of depression,” formerly termed “pseudodementia”. Cognitive-communicative changes, potentially due to medications, complicate the diagnosis even further. This discussion paper reviews the history of the terminology of “pseudodementia,” and examines the pharmacology given as treatment for depressive symptoms in the elderly population that can affect cognition and communication. Clinicians can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment by having an awareness of potential side effects, including decreased attention, memory, and reasoning capacities, particularly due to some anticholinergic medications. A team approach to care should include a cohesive effort directed at caution against over-medication, informed management of polypharmacology, enhancement of environmental/communication supports and quality of life, and recognizing the typical nature of some depressive signs in elderly institutionalized individuals.

Acquired haemophilia in the elderly is a severe disease: report of five new cases

Haemophilia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Godreuil ◽  
R. Navarro ◽  
P. Quittet ◽  
L. Landreau ◽  
J-F. Schved ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia
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