The search for a compatible colour system

1991 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
Colour System

Concepts of Colour and Limits of Understanding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Number System ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Perfect Pitch

This chapter examines some puzzling reflections by Ludwig Wittgenstein on the possibility of understanding concepts of the colours of things different from those already familiar to us. It begins with a discussion of Wittgenstein’s statement: ‘Someone who has perfect pitch can learn a language-game that I cannot learn’. In particular, it considers how Wittgenstein draws a connection between perfect pitch and concepts of colours and invites us to imagine people who speak of colours intermediate between red and yellow by means of fractions in a kind of binary notation representing different proportions of the colours at each end of the range from red to yellow. The chapter also analyses Wittgenstein’s views on whether the number system and the colour system ‘reside in our nature or in the nature of things’.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Natural, Stable, Reversible and Colourful Anthocyanidin Network from Sphagnum Moss Based Mainly on the Yellow Trans-Chalcone and Red Flavylium Cation Forms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Helge Berland ◽  
Øyvind M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Colour System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cis And Trans

Anthocyanins with various functions in nature are one of the most important sources of colours in plants. They are based on anthocyanidins or 3-deoxyanthocyanidins having in common a C15-skeleton and are unique in terms of how each anthocyanidin is involved in a network of equilibria between different forms exhibiting their own properties including colour. Sphagnorubin C (1) isolated from the cell wall of peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) was in fairly acidic and neutral dimethyl sulfoxide characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption techniques. At equilibrium, the network of 1 behaved as a two–component colour system involving the reddish flavylium cationic and the yellow trans–chalcone forms. The additional D- and E-rings connected to the common C15-skeleton extend the π-conjugation within the molecule and provide both bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of the various forms as well as a low isomerization barrier between the cis- and trans-chalcone forms. The hemiketal and cis-chalcone forms were thus not observed experimentally by NMR due to their short lives. The stable, reversible network of 1 with good colour contrast between its two components has previously not been reported for other natural anthocyanins and might thus have potential in future photochromic systems. This is the first full structural characterization of any naturally occurring anthocyanin chalcone form.

scholarly journals A study of loan colour terms in the Komi languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Elena Ryabina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
System Evolution ◽  
Basic Colour ◽  
Colour Category ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
Colour Terms

[NOTE. This abstract contains diacritics that may not display correctly.]This article deals with a comparative study of loaned colour vocabulary in the closely related Komi-Zyrian and Komi-Permyak languages. Data were originally collected by using the field method suggested for establishing basic colour terms by Davies and Corbett (1994, 1995). Sixty-five coloured tiles were used as stimuli. The study explored and compared the psychological salience of recent Russian loan colour terms. It was found that loan colour words occurred more in the Komi-Permyak data. The most salient adopted colour term in the Komi-Permyak language is zeĺone̮j ‘green’. In the next stage of basic colour system evolution in Komi-Zyrian and Komi-Permyak, the loan colour terms korič́ńeve̮j ‘brown’, fioĺetove̮j ‘purple’ and oranževe̮j ‘orange’ may appear. At the present stage of colour category development, the Russian basic terms rozovyj ‘pink’ and goluboj ‘light-blue’ are not salient in either language.Elena Ryabina: Laenvärvinimedest komi keeltes. Artiklis võrreldakse vene laenvärvinimesid omavahel lähedalt suguluses olevas sürjakomi ja permikomi keeles. Andmed on kogutud Daviese ja Corbett’ (1995) välimeetodiga. Uurimuses on kasutatud 65 standardset Color-aid Corporationi värvitahvlit. Uurimuse eesmärk on laenvärvinimede psühholoogilise esilduvuse väljaarvutamine ja võrdlemine. Tulemused näitavad, et permikomi andmestik sisaldab rohkem laenvärvinimesid. Kognitiivse esiletuleku indeksi järgi on neist psühholoogiliselt esilduvaim zeĺone̮j ‘roheline’. Põhivärvinimede süsteemi arenedes võivad komi keeltes eeldatavasti leksikaliseeruda korič́ńeve̮j ‘pruun’, fioĺetove̮j ‘lilla’ ja oranževe̮j ‘oranž’, sest need on mõlemas komi keeles kodunenud. Laenvärvinimed rozovyj ‘roosa’ ja goluboj ‘helesinine’ ei ole praegusel põhivärvinimede arenguetapil psühholoogiliselt esiletulevad kummaski komi keeles.Märksõnad: laensõna, põhivärvinimi, psühholoogiline esilduvus, sürjakomi keel, permikomi keel

Abrasion wear analysis in running shoes using a gridded methodology with CIE-L-a-b colour identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Glen Lim Chun Yee ◽  
Yeo Joon Hock ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki ◽  
Kenta Moriyasu ◽  
Kenichi Harano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Shoe Wear ◽  
Running Schedule ◽  
Physical Formula

Wear identification and projection have eluded shoe manufacturers due to the myriad of factors that affect the abrasion wear of shoes. Using a gridded three-dimensional cloud comparison in CloudCompare software, abrasion wear thickness of shoes was identified using the CIE-L-a-b colour system that is interpolated with the physical formula representation of colours. After obtaining the thickness lost, other wear factors like the material properties of the shoe sole, the runners’ personal profile and the running schedule were combined for wear projection. The methodological process from a non-destructive wear detection to wear projection allows shoe manufacturers to reduce the iterations of wear testing while maximizing the entire analysis of shoe wear. Shoe samples were kindly sponsored by ASICS Institute of Sport Science.

scholarly journals Study on the Connotation of Holistic Design Associated with De Stiji Architecture and Furniture

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 01032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xiao-li ◽  
Dai Zhi-yong
Keyword(s):  
Furniture Design ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Intrinsic Correlation ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Holistic Design

The modern furniture has been closely linked to architecture since its inception. There is an intrinsic correlation between furniture and architecture in Schröder House, which is designed by Gerrit Rietveld who is one of the masters of De Stiji architecture. The architectural space is constructed based on the design vocabulary of ‘architectural furniture’. On the contrary, the furniture design presents the characteristics of "furniture building”. The article tries to assay the history between Schröder House and De Stiji, the characteristics of the epoch, and combined with Gerrit Rietveld’s design thought and related works, it analyzes the integration between furniture and architecture from the angles of structural system based on scaffolding, spatial ratio based on golden segmentation, colour system based on t primary colours in Schröder House.

scholarly journals The effect of storage on the colour of paprika powders with added oleoresin

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Zs. H. Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Natural Food ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Food Colour ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Paprika Oleoresin ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Cielab Colour ◽  
Colour Coordinates ◽  
Food Colours

Abstract The use of natural food colours is preferred to that of arti­ficial dyestuffs for modern alimentary purposes. Paprika is a spice plant grown and consumed in considerable quantities worldwide and also used as a natural food colour, so the colouring power of powders is very important. The colour of paprika powder is highly relevant too because the consumer concludes its colouring power based on its colour. The colouring power of paprika powders is directly determined by the quality and quantity of the colouring agent of paprika. The paprika oleoresin, that is an oil soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum Annum Linn or Capsicum Frutescens, is suitable to raise the colour agent content of paprika powders. We investigated how the colour and the characteristics of paprika powder samples with added oleoresin change in the course of storage. The colour agent content of 7 different quality powders was increased with 7-75% using oleoresin. The initial colour agent content of samples changed between 41 and 169 ASTA units. The powders were made from Chinese, Peruvian, and Hungarian paprika. Colour measurements were performed with a HunterLab MiniScan colour-measuring instrument. The CIELab colour system was used for colour characterization. The colour agent content and the colour coordinates of samples were measured throughout 9 months. The decrease of colour agent con­tent varied between 22 and 51 percent, while the average reduction was 33 percent. The quantity of added oleoresin did not influence the colour agent content decrease significantly. The values of colour difference changed between 2 and 4.5 units. The initial paprika powder influenced the variation significantly, but the quantity of added oleoresin did not have a significant effect.

scholarly journals The base colour of fruit as an indicator of optimum harvest date for two apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Łysiak
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
A Value ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Non Destructive

The base colour of fruit as an indicator of optimum harvest date for two apple cultivars (Malus domesticaBorkh.)The CIE L*a*b*colour system is used to evaluate food colours. Its advantage is that the base skin colour in apples can be measured on the same fruit before and on the optimum harvest date. The aim of the research conducted between 2002 and 2006 was to evaluate a quick and non-destructive method of determining the optimum harvest date of apples intended for long storage based on the changes observed in the base skin colour. Another important research aspect was to compare this method with other methods or indicators used to determine the harvest date. The colour measurement was conducted on two apple cultivars, Šampion and Royal Gala, with the aim of, amongst other factors, establishing a standard for each that could be used in practice in fruit production. From amongst the evaluated colour indicators L*, a*, b*, Hueabangle and chroma, changes in the base colour were best illustrated by the a*coordinate value and Hueabangle value. Based on the evaluation of the quality of fruits after storage, it can be stated that the fruits had the best quality when the a*coordinate during harvest ranged between -7 and -8 for ‘Šampion' and between -3 and -5 for ‘Royal Gala’. The Hueabangle assumed a value between 100 and 101 for ‘Šampion' and between 96 and 99 for ‘Royal Gala’ during the optimum harvest date. Therefore, the a*coordinate and the Hueabangle can be used to indicate harvest maturity.

Colour variation in the polymorphic common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis): An analysis using the RGB colour system

2013 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sacchi ◽  
Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa ◽  
Adriana Bellati ◽  
Aurora Di Paoli ◽  
Michele Ghitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Podarcis Muralis ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Colour System

scholarly journals Bread crust thickness measurement using digital imaging and L a b colour system

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. Mohd Jusoh ◽  
N.L. Chin ◽  
Y.A. Yusof ◽  
R. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Bread Crust ◽  
Crust Thickness

Quantifying conspicuousness and sexual dimorphism of the plumage in birds: a new approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves de Repentigny ◽  
Henri Ouellet ◽  
Raymond McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Colour System ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Munsell System

In studies of sexual selection in birds, it is necessary to quantify the conspicuousness and sexual dimorphism of the plumage. We present a method, based on the Munsell colour system, that is easier to use than spectroradiometric techniques. It is based on measurable and repeatable data, although it is dependent on human vision. It provides indices of sexual dimorphism and incorporates aspects of close-range and long-distance conspicuousness. Ten species of Emberezidae were chosen to illustrate the procedure, and it was tested using naive observers. It consists of dividing the body of a bird into regions and matching the colour of each region to chips in a colour guide. The following indices based on the parameters of the Munsell system were selected: value (V), chroma (C), and Munsell power (V∙C), which measure conspicuousness independently of the background; Wv, Wc, and Wv∙c, which measure the contrast between the colours in the plumage; Bv, Bc, and Bv∙c, which measure the contrast between the bird and its background; and Dv, Dc, and Dv∙c, which are the indices of sexual dimorphism of the plumage. There was a high degree of agreement among the naive observers, and the scores obtained using field guides did not differ significantly from those recorded on museum specimens. One of the dimorphism indices (Dv∙c) was found to give more information than the others. However, our results indicate that conspicuousness and dimorphism indices should not be used individually because they are interdependent, and that they should be used in conjunction with multivariate analyses. Also, the proposed method incorporates long-distance conspicuousness into the results.

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