Power relations and safety in commercial aviation: Professional identity and occupational clashes

2012 ◽  
pp. 542-552
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tauana Wazir Mattar e Silva ◽  
Isabela Silva Câncio Velloso ◽  
Meiriele Tavares Araújo ◽  
Aline da Rocha Kallás Fernandes

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the configuration of power relations constituted in and by the knowledge and daily practices of physicians and nurses in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Method: qualitative study in which data were collected through interviews with physicians and nurses from an ICU of a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A semi-structured script was used. Data were analyzed through discourse analysis in a Foucaultian perspective. Results: three categories were developed - Professional Identity: self-recognition in the profession; Discipline: individualizing attitudes or collective need?; and Circularity of knowledge and power in the constitution of daily practices. Final considerations: the identity, discipline and circulation of power are connected in a continuous movement of subjectivation of the subject, which, in turn, uses discourse as a persuasion strategy to modify the position taken over in different situations thereby causing the circulation of power.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Alves ◽  
Ann MacPhail ◽  
Paula Queirós ◽  
Paula Batista

Since becoming a teacher is a highly emotional path, it is fundamental to understand teachers’ emotional journeys while constructing their teacher professional identity. An ethnographic approach was employed to examine how the emotions experienced by physical education preservice teachers during formalised school placement contributed to the construction of their teacher professional identity. Data were collected throughout a ten-month school placement (i.e. an academic school year) and included researcher observations, researcher field notes, and semi-structured interviews with preservice teachers and their cooperating teacher. A thematic analysis was used in a process of constant comparison. Emotions were labelled using Zembylas’ three main categories: ideology; school culture; and power relations. A fourth category labelled physical education culture was created through an inductive thematic analysis to capture emotions deemed to align specifically to the teaching of physical education. With respect to ideology, preservice teachers alluded to positive emotions such as care for students, a sense of accomplishment and happiness. Challenging emotions included insecurity/anxiety, disappointment and anger/frustration. Related to school culture, while preservice teachers expressed a sense of belonging they also reported feeling powerless with respect to particular rules enforced by the school. Related to power relations, while preservice teachers were thankful for having a school structure guiding them they, at times, regretted the limited opportunity that such structure allowed them in cultivating agency. Becoming a physical education teacher triggered specific emotions such as practising safety within the gymnasium and a rise in confidence when recognised as a physical education teacher by other physical education teachers.


Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.


1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A-L.H. Abou-Hatab

This paper presents the case of psychology from a perspective not widely recognized by the West, namely, the Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic perspective. It discusses the introduction and development of psychology in this part of the world. Whenever such efforts are evaluated, six problems become apparent: (1) the one-way interaction with Western psychology; (2) the intellectual dependency; (3) the remote relationship with national heritage; (4) its irrelevance to cultural and social realities; (5) the inhibition of creativity; and (6) the loss of professional identity. Nevertheless, some major achievements are emphasized, and a four-facet look into the 21st century is proposed.


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