From particles to people: Social, cultural and behavioral dynamics in insurgency, terrorism and beyond

2012 ◽  
pp. 412-421
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Dynamics

scholarly journals Behavioral Dynamics of Pedestrians Crossing between Two Moving Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Ho Kim ◽  
Jong Won Kim ◽  
Hyun-Chae Chung ◽  
Gyoo-Jae Choi ◽  
MooYoung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Bearing Angle ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Crossing Point ◽  
Insight Into

This study examines the human behavioral dynamics of pedestrians crossing a street with vehicular traffic. To this end, an experiment was constructed in which human participants cross a road between two moving vehicles in a virtual reality setting. A mathematical model is developed in which the position is given by a simple function. The model is used to extract information on each crossing by performing root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) minimization of the function from the data. By isolating the parameter adjusted to gap features, we find that the subjects primarily changed the timing of the acceleration to adjust to changing gap conditions, rather than walking speed or duration of acceleration. Moreover, this parameter was also adjusted to the vehicle speed and vehicle type, even when the gap size and timing were not changed. The model is found to provide a description of gap affordance via a simple inequality of the fitting parameters. In addition, the model turns out to predict a constant bearing angle with the crossing point, which is also observed in the data. We thus conclude that our model provides a mathematical tool useful for modeling crossing behaviors and probing existing models. It may also provide insight into the source of traffic accidents.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING BEHAVIORAL DYNAMICS WITH A FIXED-TIME EXTINCTION SCHEDULE AND LINEAR ANALYSIS

1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Palya ◽  
Don Walter ◽  
Robert Kessel ◽  
Robert Lucke
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Time Extinction

Are You Hooked on Paid Music Streaming?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie C. Chen ◽  
Steven Leon ◽  
Makoto Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Facilitating Conditions ◽  
Communication Control ◽  
Music Streaming

The proliferation of free on-demand music streaming services (e.g., Spotify) is offsetting the traditional revenue sources (e.g., purchases of downloads or CDs) of the music industry. In order to increase revenue and sustain business, the music industry is directing its efforts toward increasing paid subscriptions by converting free listeners into paying subscribers. However, most companies are struggling with these attempts because they lack a clear understanding of the psychological and social purchase motivations of consumers. This study compares and contrasts the two different phases of Millennial generation consumer behaviors: the alluring phase and the hooking phase. A survey was conducted with 73 paying users and 163 non-paying users of on-demand music streaming services. The authors' data analysis shows two separate behavioral dynamics seen between these groups of users. While social influence and attitude are primary drivers for the non-paying users in the alluring phase, facilitating conditions and communication control capacity play critical roles for the paying users in the hooking phase. These results imply that the music industry should apply different approaches to prospective and current customers of music streaming services.

scholarly journals Study of Osteocyte Behavior by High-Resolution Intravital Imaging Following Photo-Induced Ischemia

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Yuan ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Yuanxin Chen ◽  
Betty Kim
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Avascular Osteonecrosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Ischemic injuries and local hypoxia can result in osteocytes dysfunction and play a key role in the pathogenesis of avascular osteonecrosis. Conventional imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can reveal structural and functional changes within bony anatomy; however, characterization of osteocyte behavioral dynamics in the setting of osteonecrosis at the single cell resolution is limited. Here, we demonstrate an optical approach to study real-time osteocyte functions in vivo. Using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a biomarker for metabolic dynamics in osteocytes, we showed that NADH level within osteocytes transiently increase significantly after local ischemia through non-invasive photo-induced thrombosis of afferent arterioles followed by a steady decline. Our study presents a non-invasive optical approach to study osteocyte behavior through the modulation of local environmental conditions. Thus it provides a powerful toolkit to study cellular processes involved in bone pathologies in vivo.

scholarly journals Behavioral Dynamics of Heading Alignment in Pedestrian Following

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Dachner ◽  
William H. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Dynamics

scholarly journals A visual circuit uses complementary mechanisms to support transient and sustained pupil constriction

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Thomas Keenan ◽  
Alan C Rupp ◽  
Rachel A Ross ◽  
Preethi Somasundaram ◽  
Suja Hiriyanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Pupil Constriction ◽  
Sustained Responses ◽  
Stable Control

Rapid and stable control of pupil size in response to light is critical for vision, but the neural coding mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the neural basis of pupil control by monitoring pupil size across time while manipulating each photoreceptor input or neurotransmitter output of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a critical relay in the control of pupil size. We show that transient and sustained pupil responses are mediated by distinct photoreceptors and neurotransmitters. Transient responses utilize input from rod photoreceptors and output by the classical neurotransmitter glutamate, but adapt within minutes. In contrast, sustained responses are dominated by non-conventional signaling mechanisms: melanopsin phototransduction in ipRGCs and output by the neuropeptide PACAP, which provide stable pupil maintenance across the day. These results highlight a temporal switch in the coding mechanisms of a neural circuit to support proper behavioral dynamics.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DERIVATIVE CONTINUITY IN SHAPE

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 1181-1199
Author(s):  
PHILIP F. HENSHAW
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Higher Derivative ◽  
Smoothing Kernel ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Invariant Relationship ◽  
Gaussian Scale Space

Derivative continuity is a distributed invariant relationship between parts of flowing shapes. The original techniques presented here were developed for making the behavioral dynamics of complex processes more recognizable, but are equally applicable to assisting in the recognition of shapes in images. Regularizing a sequence using a constraint of derivative continuity is equivalent to using a bimodal smoothing kernel, producing a distinct bias for reducing variation on higher derivative levels, sharply defining shape with minimal suppression of shape. To help determine where reconstructing shapes in this way is valid, a test was developed to help distinguish combinations of noise and smooth flows from random walks. This helps distinguish between illusory and genuine, data shapes but also exposes a flair in using this and other measures of scaling behavior for diagnostic purposes. Gaussian scale space techniques in use for some time in image recognition, for identifying reliable landmarks in the shapes of outlines, are demonstrated for use in identifying key features of shape in time series.

An empirical investigation of buyer–supplier relationship typologies and their behavioral and performance outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Linlin Chai ◽  
Chanchai Tangpong ◽  
Michelle Hong ◽  
Rodney D. Traub
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Supplier Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine empirically the existence of four classical and four emerging buyer–supplier relationship (BSR) types and how they differ in terms of behavioral dynamics and performance measures. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an online survey to collect data from 371 purchasing managers in the USA. Findings A cluster analysis statistically supports the existence of five of these eight BSR types, including strategic/bilateral partnership, market/discrete, supplier-led collaboration, captive supplier/buyer dominant and captive buyer/supplier dominant BSRs. Further, ANOVA tests show that these five BSRs differ in terms of behavioral outcomes and performance measures. Research limitations/implications This study is based on a cross-sectional survey so it cannot examine how these BSR types may evolve over time, and it is not suitable to examine some rare types of BSRs. In addition, this study does not consider contextual factors that may moderate the influence of BSR types on the behavioral dynamics and performance measures. Practical implications Managers should consider the potential to be able to develop and enhance a strategic/bilateral relationship with their supply chain partners, which in at least some circumstances can lead to superior performance results. Similar observations can be made with respect to supplier-led and, to a lesser degree, buyer-led collaboration. Originality/value Most existing research of the BSR types is largely a product of theoretical classifications, and there is also a lack of research of their performance implications. This study fills these gaps in the literature.

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