- Diffuse and Nodular Goiter

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-69
Keyword(s):  
Nodular Goiter

Impact of the serum thyroglobulin concentration on the diagnostics of benign and malignant thyroid diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dembowski ◽  
H.-J. Schroth ◽  
K. Klinger ◽  
Th. Rink
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Diffuse Goiter ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Summary Aim of this study is to evaluate new and controversially discussed indications for determining the thyroglobulin (Tg) level in different thyroid diseases to support routine diagnostics. Methods: The following groups were included: 250 healthy subjects without goiter, 50 persons with diffuse goiter, 161 patients with multinodular goiter devoid of functional disorder (108 of them underwent surgery, in 17 cases carcinomas were detected), 60 hyperthyroid patients with autonomously functioning nodular goiter, 150 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 30 hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease. Results: The upper limit of the normal range of the Tg level was calculated as 30 ng Tg/ml. The evaluation of the collective with diffuse goiter showed that the figure of the Tg level can be expected in a similar magnitude as the thyroid volume in milliliters. Nodular tissue led to far higher Tg values then presumed when considering the respective thyroid volume, with a rather high variance. A formula for a rough prediction of the Tg levels in nodular goiters is described. In ten out of 17 cases with thyroid carcinoma, the Tg was lower than estimated with thyroid and nodular volumes, but two patients showed a Tg exceeding 1000 ng/ml. The collective with functional autonomy had a significantly higher average Tg level than a matched euthyroid group being under suppressive levothyroxine substitution. However, due to the high variance of the Tg values, the autonomy could not consistently be predicted with the Tg level in individual cases. The patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis showed slightly decreased Tg levels. In Graves’ disease, a significantly higher average Tg level was observed compared with a matched group with diffuse goiter, but 47% of all Tg values were still in the normal range (< 30 ng/ml). Conclusion: Elevated Tg levels indicate a high probability of thyroid diseases, such as malignancy, autonomy or Graves’ disease. However, as low Tg concentrations cannot exclude the respective disorder, a routine Tg determination seems not to be justified in benign thyroid diseases.

Caveolin-1 Regulates CCL5 and PPARγ Expression in Nthy-ori 3-1 Cells: Possible Involvement of Caveolin-1 and CCL5 in the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618
Author(s):  
Baocui Liu ◽  
Tingting Zheng ◽  
Liyang Dong ◽  
Chaoming Mao ◽  
Chengcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Pparγ Expression

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma, which ultimately leads to tissue destruction and loss of function. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an essential structural constituent of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of cells and is reported to be significantly reduced in thyrocytes from HT patients. However, the mechanism of Cav-1 involvement in HT pathogenesis is still largely unclear. Methods: Cav-1 expression in thyroid tissues from HT patients and euthyroid nodular goiter tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Cav-1 knockdown and overexpression were constructed by lentiviral transfection in the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell (TFC) line of Nthy-ori 3-1. The mRNA expression levels of chemokines in TFCs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Cav-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) levels were analysed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. The migration ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by the Transwell assay. Results: In this study, Cav-1 and PPARγ expression was reduced in the thyroid tissues from HT patients. In vitro experiments showed that the expressions of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and migration of PBMCs were markedly increased, while the level of PPARγ was significantly decreased after the lentivirus-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Interestingly, pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, not only upregulated PPARγ and Cav-1 proteins significantly, but also effectively reversed the Cav-1-knockdown-induced upregulation of CCL5 in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes. Conclusion: The inhibition of Cav-1 upregulated the CCL5 expression and downregulated the PPARγ expression in TFC while pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reversed the detrimental consequence. This outcome might be a potential target for the treatment of lymphocyte infiltration into the thyroid gland and HT development.

Effects of Metformin on TSH Levels and Benign Nodular Goiter Volume in obese and non-obese diabetic patients

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 154526
Author(s):  
Héla Marmouch ◽  
Haythem Jenzri ◽  
Boutheina Ben Abdallah ◽  
Soumaya Tahri ◽  
Ines charrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tsh Levels

scholarly journals Experience of 1166 Thyroidectomy without Use of Prophylactic Antibiotic

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Shu-Qin Xie ◽  
Si-Yuan Chen ◽  
Li-Ju Chen ◽  
Qian Qin
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Secondary Hemorrhage ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotics ◽  
Partial Thyroidectomy ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Paralysis

Background. Although the procedure requires a small surgical incision and a short duration, incision infection rate is very low in thyroidectomy; however, doctors still have misgivings about infection events.Aim. We retrospectively analyzed the prevention of incision infection without perioperative use of antibacterial medications following thyroidectomy.Materials and Methods. 1166 patients of thyroidectomy were not administered perioperative antibiotics. Unilateral total lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy was performed in 68.0% patients with single-side nodular goiter or thyroid adenoma. Bilateral partial thyroidectomy was performed in 25.5% patients with nodular goiter or Graves’ disease. The mean time of operation was 80.6 ± 4.87 (range: 25–390) min.Results.Resuturing was performed in two patients of secondary hemorrhage from residual thyroid following bilateral partial thyroidectomy. Temporally recurrent nerve paralysis was reported following right-side total lobectomy and left-side subtotal lobectomy in a nodular goiter patient. One case had suppurative infection in neck incision 5 days after bilateral partial thyroidectomy.Conclusions. Thyroidectomy, which is a clean incision, involves a small incision, short duration, and minor hemorrhage. If the operation is performed under strict conditions of sterility and hemostasis, antibacterial medications may not be required to prevent incision infection, which reduces cost and discourages the excessive use of antibiotics.

Nodular goiter in Pontormo’s “Epifania Benintendi” (ca. 1520)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bianucci ◽  
F. M. Galassi ◽  
S. T. Donell ◽  
A. G. Nerlich ◽  
D. Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Nodular Goiter
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