The Case File

2011 ◽  
pp. 336-345
Keyword(s):  
Case File

Lost in Translation or a Work in Progress? Developing Desistance-Informed Youth Justice Practice in the Welsh Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Deering ◽  
Jonathan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Case File ◽  
Justice Practice ◽  
Lost In Translation

Abstract This article draws upon empirical research conducted within a Welsh Youth Offending Service (YOS) in 2017–2018. It captured staff responses to the introduction of AssetPlus, an assessment tool intended to complement a corresponding move to desistance-informed practice. Given that YOSs are now expected to develop practice underpinned by desistance theories, the article focuses on how desistance theories were interpreted and translated into one YOS. It was concluded that the introduction of the new practice model suffered from inadequate planning and AssetPlus assessment did little to enhance this shift. In an exercise in Utopianism, the views of practitioners and managers were sought on what constituted ‘ideal’ practice with children in conflict with the law. The researchers found some evidence of support for holistic child-centred social work practice that addressed contextual factors. The study was conducted with a small sample of practitioners and operational managers, involving seven semi-structured interviews, two focus groups (a total of eighteen respondents), case file analysis, document reading and observation. Given the size of the sample, the findings are not regarded as generalisable, but rather as raising important issues and pointers for further research.

Focal Concerns and Intimate Partner Violence Case Processing: Predicting Arrest Using a Stratified Random Sample of Police Case File Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110104
Author(s):  
Cortney A. Franklin ◽  
Leana A. Bouffard ◽  
Alondra D. Garza ◽  
Amanda Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Case File ◽  
Focal Concerns

Focal concerns has utility for explaining criminal justice decisions, including among police. At present, there is no research that has examined focal concerns and arrest decisions in non-sexual, intimate partner violence (IPV) cases. This study used a stratified random sample of 776 IPV incidents from an urban police department in one of the five largest and most diverse US cities to assess the effect of focal concerns on arrest. A multivariate binary logistic regression model demonstrated victim injury, suspect IPV and general criminal history, evidence, witnesses, victim preference for formal intervention, women victims, and intoxicated suspects predicted arrest. When the suspect was on scene, this was the strongest predictor of arrest. Implications and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Self-reported Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis or Ankylosing Spondylitis Has Low Accuracy: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Videm ◽  
Ranjeny Thomas ◽  
Matthew A. Brown ◽  
Mari Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Case File ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Accuracy Data

Objective.Self-reported diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis are not accurate. The primary study aim was to ascertain self-reported diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) using hospital case files. The secondary aim was to provide updated estimates of the prevalence and incidence of RA and AS.Methods.All inhabitants ≥ 20 years old from the county of Nord-Trøndelag were invited. Data from 70,805 unique participants from HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included. For participants who self-reported RA or AS, case files from all 3 hospitals in the catchment area were evaluated using standardized diagnostic criteria.Results.Of 2703 self-reported cases of RA, 19.1% were verified in hospital files. Of 1064 self-reported cases of AS, 15.8% were verified. Of 259 cases self-reporting both RA and AS, 8.1% had RA and 5.4% had AS. Overall, a self-report of 1 or both diagnoses could not be verified in 82.1%, including 22.8% with insufficient information or no case file. The prevalence of RA was 768 (95% CI 705–835) per 100,000. The incidence of RA from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.48 (0.41–0.56) per 1000 per year. The prevalence of AS was 264 (228–305) per 100,000. The incidence of AS from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.19 (0.15–0.24) per 1000 per year.Conclusion.Self-reported diagnoses of RA and AS are often false-positive. The prevalence and incidence of RA were comparable to reports from similar populations. The incidence of AS was higher than previously reported in a mixed population from Norway.

A critical review of the first six months of operation of a trial Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622097193
Author(s):  
Phoebe Williamson ◽  
Judy Hope ◽  
Jose Segal ◽  
Lisa Gill ◽  
Michele Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Case File ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Relationship Breakdown ◽  
Session Rating Scale

Objective: To review the Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in the first six months of the pilot program in a metropolitan Melbourne setting, including a description of: (a) socio-demographic, health and psychosocial stressors of people referred; (b) method of presentation; (c) interventions provided and (d) outcomes measured. Method: A retrospective case file analysis reviewed the first six months of HOPE service operation. Results: Forty people received HOPE service during the study period, 60% female, mean age 35 years (range 17–58). The majority had previously engaged in self-harm (72.5%) or attempted suicide (67.5%). Stressors included social isolation, relationship breakdown, unemployment, financial stress, medical problems, history of mental illness, exposure to family violence and adverse childhood events. Statistically significant improvements occurred in the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and Session Rating Scale (SRS) following intervention. There were no deaths by suicide during the study period. Conclusion: People referred to HOPE had significant health and psychosocial stressors. Engagement significantly improved subjective well-being and connection with supports. Findings highlighted the need for an integrated clinical and psychosocial model to promote hope and connection in life post suicide attempt. It remains unclear which interventions improved well-being and if this contributes to suicide prevention.

The case of the Keeper of antiquities. Materials from the1939 criminal case file

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-285
Author(s):  
I. Duardovich
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Case File ◽  
The 1950S

The writer Yury Dombrovsky did not leave behind any diaries of memoirs. Glimpses of his life are scattered across autobiographical poems and prose. Although an important source for research, letters and reminiscences of friends are often limited to a single episode or a brief period, usually of the writer’s later life in Moscow. What proved indispensable in the process of recovering facts and compiling a good half of the biography — spanning a lengthy period from the 1920s to the 1950s — were materials of the criminal proceedings. They also help decipher the writer’s major two-part novel, a fact he acknowledged himself. However, the archive materials were only recently declassified. The article aims to reconstruct a period of Yury Dombrovsky’s life and introduces the hitherto unpublished materials of his third criminal case of 1939. The author compares testimonies found in Dombrovsky’s writings and memoirs of his friends and acquaintances with documents preserved in archives, including tip-offs to the authorities.

scholarly journals Let’s find the evidence: An analogue study of confirmation bias in criminal investigations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Eerland ◽  
Eric Rassin
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Case File ◽  
District Attorneys ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Analogue Study ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Selection Of

People involved in criminal proceedings (e.g. police officers, district attorneys, judges, and jury members) may run the risk of developing confirmation bias, or tunnel vision. That is, these parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent. This may be reflected in a preference for guilt-confirming investigation endeavours, as opposed to investigations that are aimed at confirming, or even excluding, alternative scenarios. In three studies, participants read a case file, and were subsequently instructed to select additional police investigations. Some of these additional endeavours were guilt- confirming (i.e. incriminating), whereas others were disconfirming (i.e. exonerating). Results suggest that additional investigation search was guided by an initial assessment of the suspect’s guilt (Study 1). Furthermore, participants’ tendency to select incriminat- ing investigations increased with increased crime severity, and with the strength of the evidence present in the case file. Finally, the selection of incriminating investigations was associated with conviction rates (Study 3). However, in general, participants did not favour incriminating endeavours. That is, in the three studies, the percentages of selected incriminating endeavours did hardly or not exceed 50%.

scholarly journals ABOUT CHANGE OF HANDWRITING OF PERSONS THAT ARE IN THE STATE OF ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оksana Rusova ◽  
◽  
Olga Samoilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Case File ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
Psychological Attitude ◽  
The Law ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Concomitant Factors ◽  
Selection Of

This article focuses on the problematic issues that arise in the process of appointing a forensic handwriting examination, where the object of study are manuscripts performed in a state of intoxication. The reliability of the conclusions will largely depend on the correct quality and sufficient quantity of comparative material. This will be possible if the initiator of the study, after careful consideration of their work, qualitatively selects comparative material for the study. The purpose of this article is to further improve the purpose of forensic handwriting examination, the object of which is the study of manuscripts made in a state of intoxication, as well as to provide practical recommendations that will allow the initiators of the study to correctly select comparative material. Of particular importance in the conduct of forensic handwriting diagnostic examinations are information from the case file relating to the subject of examination, ie in the resolution, decision or statement must be indicated: first, it is information about the person - the actual or intended executor of the manuscript; second, essential information relating to the situation, the situation in which the manuscript in question was presumably performed, and in connection with it, the possible psychological attitude or emotional state of the person writing. When the initiator of the study informs the expert of the necessary information, he should not be afraid to "impose" a certain version, because the method of expert research is based on checking all the most likely alternatives (versions and counter version) and making decisions based only on objective data. Regarding the selection of comparative material provided for research in establishing whether a person was intoxicated, there are some peculiarities in the selection of experimental samples, because we cannot bring a person in such a state to take the necessary samples because the law prohibits harm to health, humiliation and infliction of moral suffering. They can be obtained without violating the law, by changing the condition, namely, you need to dictate the text at an extremely fast pace. The expert may also make a request, although the initiator of the study provided comparative material such as free, conditionally free and experimental samples, because there may be concomitant factors that the initiator did not take into account when selecting, such as experimental samples. The expert's request should be treated responsibly because the quality of the expert's opinion may depend on how well it is executed.

scholarly journals Use of Analgesia in an Emergency Department

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Bhandari ◽  
Gyanendra Malla ◽  
Indrajit Prasad Mahato ◽  
Pramendra Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Case File ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Pain Descriptor ◽  
Set Up

Introduction: Pain is a common presentation to the emergency department but often overlooked with little research done on the topic in Nepal. We did an observational retrospective study on 301 patients in the emergency ward of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with the objective of finding the practice of analgesia. The specific focus was on the time to analgesia, drugs for analgesia and method of pain assessment. Methods: Case file analysis of patients discharged home after presenting with pain was performed. Time to analgesia and other factors were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Diclofenac injection intramuscular (80%) was the commonest analgesic used. Assessment methods and record keeping were poor. Pain in the abdomen was the commonest. The median time to analgesia from triage was 45 minutes (IQR 30 to 80) and the median time to analgesia from doctor evaluation was 40 minutes (IQR 20 to 70). Conclusions: Time to analgesia from triage and doctors assessment in our set up is comparable to others. The quality of documentation is poor. Problems with pain identification and assessment may lead to inadequate analgesia so reinforcing the use of pain descriptor at triage itself with pain score would be helpful in adopting a protocol based management of pain. Keywords: analgesia; emergency; Nepal.  

scholarly journals Allegiance Bias in Statement Reliability Evaluations Is Not Eliminated by Falsification Instructions

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Sauerland ◽  
Henry Otgaar ◽  
Enide Maegherman ◽  
Anna Sagana
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Case File ◽  
Abuse Case ◽  
Sexual Abuse Case ◽  
The Given

Abstract. Are expert witnesses biased by the side (defense vs. prosecution) that hires them? We examined this issue by having students act as expert witnesses in evaluating interviews in a child sexual abuse case (Experiment 1, N = 143) and tested the value of an instruction to counteract such allegiance effects. The intervention concerned an instruction to consider arguments both for and against the given hypothesis (i.e., two-sided instructions; Experiment 2, N = 139). In Experiment 3 ( N = 123), we additionally provided participants with three different scenarios. Participants received a case file regarding a case of alleged sexual abuse. With the file, participants received an appointment letter emphasizing elements of the file that questioned (defense) or supported (prosecution) the veracity of the accusation. Participants displayed allegiance bias (Experiments 1–3), but two-sided instructions were not successful in eliminating allegiance bias (Experiments 2 and 3). The findings underscore the importance of legal safeguards in expert witness work.

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