Net energy balance and carbon footprint of biofuel from corn and sugarcane

2012 ◽  
pp. 221-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Andreoli ◽  
David Pimentel ◽  
Simone de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Net Energy

scholarly journals Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Li ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.

scholarly journals Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavipanje ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Fathi Nasri ◽  
Seyyed Homayoun Farhangfar ◽  
Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi ◽  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Liver Activity

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the alleviating effects of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine (BBR) on the energy balance (EB), glucose and insulin metabolism, and liver functionality in transition dairy goats, as reflected by blood metabolites and enzymes. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly allocated to four groups. Goats in each group received, ad libitum, the same basal diet during the pre- and post-partum periods of evaluation. Goats received daily0, 1, 2, or 4 g BBR (coded as CON, BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4, respectively). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 relative to kidding, and individual body condition scores (BCSs) were also recorded. Supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) pre- and post-partum DMI, increasing (p < 0.05) the intakes of net energy for lactating and metabolizable proteins. BBR2 and BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) post-partum milk production as well as fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and feed efficiency, indicating the alleviating effect of BBR on the negative energy balance (NEB) in transition goats. The daily ingestion of either 2 or 4 g BBR reduced (p < 0.05) plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased (p < 0.05) the dynamic change in the liver activity index (LAI) and liver functionality index (LFI), implying its hepatoprotective effect on transition goats. Overall, the results suggest that BBR supplementation of at least 2 g/d may help to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and fat metabolism disorders initiated by the NEB in transition dairy goats.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Value of Growing Maize as a Biofuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Sally Olasogba ◽  
Les DUCKERS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Aim: According to COP23, Climate Change threatens the stability of the planet’s ecosystems, with a tipping point believed to be at only +2°C.  With the burning of fossil fuels, held responsible for the release of much of the greenhouse gases, a sensible world- wide strategy is to replace fossil fuel energy sources with renewable ones. The renewable resources such as wind, hydro, geothermal, wave and tidal energies are found in particular geographical locations whereas almost every country is potentially able to exploit PV and biomass. This paper examines the role that changing climate could have on the growing and processing of biomass. The primary concern is that future climates could adversely affect the yield of crops, and hence the potential contribution of biomass to the strategy to combat climate change. Maize, a C4 crop, was selected for the study because it can be processed into biogas or other biofuels. Four different Nigerian agricultural zones growing maize were chosen for the study. Long-term weather data was available for the four sites and this permitted the modelling of future climates. Design / Research methods: The results of this study come from modelling future climates and applying this to crop models. This unique work, which has integrated climate change and crop modelling to forecast yield and carbon emissions, reveals how maize responds to the predicted increased temperature, change in rainfall, and the variation in weather patterns. In order to fully assess a biomass crop, the full energy cycle and carbon emissions were estimated based on energy and materials inputs involved in farm management: fertilizer application, and tillage type. For maize to support the replacement strategy mentioned above it is essential that the ratio of energy output to energy input exceeds 1, but of course it should be as large as possible. Conclusions / findings: Results demonstrate that the influence of climate change is important and in many scenarios, acts to reduce yield, but that the negative effects can be partially mitigated by careful selection of farm management practices. Yield and carbon footprint is particularly sensitive to the application rate of fertilizer across all locations whilst climate change is the causal driver for the increase in net energy and carbon footprint at most locations. Nonetheless, in order to ensure a successful strategic move towards a low carbon future, and sustainable implementation of biofuel policies, this study provides valuable information for the Nigerian government and policy makers on potential AEZs to cultivate maize under climate change. Further research on the carbon footprint of alternative bioenergy feedstock to assess their environmental carbon footprint and net energy is strongly suggested. Originality / value of the article: This paper extends the review on the impact of climate change on maize production to include future impacts on net energy use and carbon footprint using a fully integrated assessment framework. Most studies focus only on current farm energy use and historical climate change impact on farm GHG emissions.   

scholarly journals Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Victor L. Barradas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
A Site

<p>The deforestation of a site for agriculture and/ or cattle raising purposes changes either microclimate and soil properties. These environmental changes can act as physical barriers which drastically limits tree species establishment in reforestation . From microclimatic point of view, the study of the energy balance plays a key role when the original environment is severely changed. The net energy in a site is mainly dissipated by latent and sensible heat fluxes which are associated to evapotranspiration and thermal regimes,<br />respectively. The analyses of these fluxes allow to design control systems to reduce the high evaporation rates and high temperatures registered in a deforested site. Energy balance, latent and sensible heat fluxes and other components are analysed, and some techniques to manipulate energy balance are also presented.</p>

Investigating energy balance and carbon footprint in saffron cultivation – a case study in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Khanali ◽  
Mehran Movahedi ◽  
Marziye Yousefi ◽  
Sanaz Jahangiri ◽  
Benyamin Khoshnevisan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Carbon Footprint

scholarly journals Relação energética e emissão de GEE do biodiesel de pinhão manso: análise sob uma perspectiva dinâmica

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Elivaldo Lozer Fracalossi Ribeiro ◽  
Henrique Leonardo Maranduba ◽  
Luziléa Brito Oliveira ◽  
José Adolfo De Almeida Neto ◽  
Francisco Bruno Souza Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Creation

Considering the current conditions of fuel, the objective of this study was to evaluate the energy balance and Carbon Footprint of biodiesel from jatropha oil, considering the dynamism of the production chain. For this, after the creation of the dynamic outline, based on the linear idea, the system is divided into subsystems and the data were analyzed by means of Ecoinvent and PAS databases. Then, the activities of each subsystem were listed and had relevant information to obtain the search results. The results reinforce the potential of Jatropha biodiesel, illustrated by low emission compared to soy and castor bean biodiesel. As for the energy balance, Jatropha has a favorable relationship with respect to castor and rapeseed, with disadvantage compared to soybeans. Thus, the jatropha has shown interesting results compared with some alternative, and as it is an inevitable replacement, given the decline in oil supply, this oilseed prove increasingly promising.

scholarly journals Energy use pattern of diversified cropping systems under different nutrient and crop residue management practices in Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
A. Bera ◽  
M.R. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Aim: Assessment of energy input output relationship, greenhouse gases emission and carbon footprint of diversified jute-rice cropping systems under different nutrients and crop residue management practices. Methodology: The inventory was prepared for all inputs required for crop cultivation and outputs of crops in cropping systems. These inputs and outputs were converted into energy by multiplying with energy equivalent coefficient and CO2 emission coefficient following standard procedure. Results: Jute-rice-baby corn cropping system recorded significantly higher net energy (324 GJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (8.02). Among different nutrient and crop management (NCRM) practices, significantly higher energy output (336.9 GJ ha-1) and net energy (291.4 GJ ha-1) recorded 100% NPK with crop residue. The highest carbon footprint recorded with rice-rice (0.44 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) and the lowestwith jute-rice-pea (0.29 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) cropping system. Among different NCRM practices, higher carbon footprint was (0.38 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) recorded with 100% NPK with crop residue. Interpretation: The energy efficient and low input required cropping systems which include legume crops like garden pea and mungbean should be considered for cultivation for diversifying the existing rice-rice cropping system in Eastern India.

scholarly journals On Energy Balance and Production Costs in Tubular and Flat Panel Photobioreactors

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Norsker ◽  
Maria J. Barbosa ◽  
Mariam H. Vermuë ◽  
René H. Wijffels
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Tubular Reactors

Reducing mixing in both flat panel and tubular photobioreactors can result in a positive net energy balance with state-of-the-art technology and Dutch weather conditions. In the tubular photobioreactor, the net energy balance becomes positive at velocities < 0.3 ms-1, at which point the biomass production cost is 3.2 €/kg dry weight. In flat panel reactors, this point is at an air supply rate < 0.25 vol vol-1 min-1, at which the biomass production cost is 2.39 €/kg dry weight. To achieve these values in flat panel reactors, cheap low pressure blowers must be used, which limits the panel height to a maximum of 0.5 m, and in tubular reactors the tubes must be hydraulically smooth. For tubular reactors, it is important to prevent the formation of wall growth in order to keep the tubes hydraulically smooth. This paper shows how current production costs and energy requirement could be decreased.

Observations in energy balance in man during spaceflight

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. R208-R212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Rambaut ◽  
C. S. Leach ◽  
J. I. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

An investigation was undertaken of the changes in metabolic energy balance which occur in weightlessness. Daily energy intake was determined each day throughout the 28-, 59-, and 84-day flights for each of the nine Skylab astronauts. The energy content of the urine and feces was also measured. Changes in body composition were inferred from measurements of weight, volume, water, and total exchangeable potassium before and after flight. During flight changes were followed by a daily measurement of body mass and by metabolic balance. Examination of the data reveal losses in body weight during the 1st and 2nd mo of flight, a loss in body water and protein during the 1st mo, and a loss of fat during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd mo of flight. The energy input was about 41.7 kcal/kg per day on the ground, and 43.7 kcal/kg per day after 3 mo in space. The increase in net energy input of about 1.6% per mo is significant (P less than 0.05). When the net energy input is expressed on the basis of total body potassium, the increase in the resulting “noramlized” net energy input of about 3.7% per mo is also significant (P less than 0.05).

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