Biofuels, climate change, and human population

2012 ◽  
pp. 147-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population

scholarly journals GHG emissions in KG-CO2 / M2 generated by a House Type INFONAVIT

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Humberto Aceves-Gutierrez ◽  
Oscar López-Chávez ◽  
Santa Magdalena Mercado-Ibarra ◽  
Cesar Alejandro Contreras-Quintanar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The Earth

Climate change is one of the main current problems, it concerns the entire human population since its effects are worldwide, especially now we have seen its consequences, according to Menghi (2007), the average global temperatures grew by more than 0.5 ° C in the last century, and the glaciers are disappearing from the earth. The greenhouse effect generated mainly by the gases of the same name (GHG), is the fundamental factor of climate change. Construction is one of the ways in which the human being contaminates in a constant way this due to urban growth and the demand for infrastructure that this generates. This research has the purpose of determining the KG-CO2 / M2 generated by a 44 m2 house of interest type INFONAVIT using the Life Cycle methodology (ACV) of the products or materials, established in ISO 14040, employee an inventory of KG-CO2 emissions from building materials, obtained from various bibliographic sources and databases and using the work volumes required to build the house. The results obtained of 161.57 Kg-CO2 / M2.

scholarly journals Losing Hope? The Environmental Crisis Today

ANVIL ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
General Public ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Global Water

Abstract Environmentalists and scientists who study the environment often give a pretty bleak picture of the future. Surveys of secular views on the environment suggest that the general public in the developed West are concerned about the state of the environment. After considering all of the environmental problems that are causing scientists to worry, this paper then concentrates on four: climate change; biodiversity loss; global water supply; and the increase in our human population. Finally we will see what scientists have to say about hope in a time of environmental crisis

Effects of climate change on the spread of zika virus: a public health threat

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Asad ◽  
David O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Zika is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The increased climate instability has contributed to the emergence of infections carried by mosquitoes like dengue, chikungunya and zika. While infection with the zika virus is not new, the recent epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil and other countries in South America resulting from the infection of pregnant women with the zika virus raise a number of serious public health concerns. These include the question of how climate change affects the range of zika vectors, what can we do to shorten the length of mosquito season, how and why the symptoms of zika infection have changed and what can be done to reduce the burden of human disease from this infection? Another important question that needs to be answered is what are the factors that caused the zika virus to leave the non-human primates and/or other mammals and invade the human population?

An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Climate Change Issue and Implications for Teaching STEM Through Inquiry

2018 ◽  
pp. 1008-1030
Author(s):  
Michael J. Urban ◽  
Elaine Marker ◽  
David A. Falvo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Teaching With Technology ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Education Today ◽  
And Mathematics

The importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and teaching through an inquiry approach, are critical facets in education today. The purpose of this chapter is to share useful observations and recommendations about teaching STEM through inquiry for practicing teachers. Three cases are used to collect data about participant interactions with an interdisciplinary activity related to climate change, human population growth, and atmospheric pollution (e.g., greenhouse gases and smog). Fifty-five participants, most of whom were pre-service teachers, completed a technology-rich activity, post-test assessment, and survey about the experience. The findings discussed include research results, the perspectives of the facilitating instructor, and recommendations for teaching technology-laden investigations through an inquiry approach. In general, the challenges related to teaching with technology and time constraints were found to be significant limiting factors in the success of inquiry-based teaching in STEM.

An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Climate Change Issue and Implications for Teaching STEM through Inquiry

2012 ◽  
pp. 523-550
Author(s):  
Michael J. Urban ◽  
Elaine Marker ◽  
David A. Falvo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Teaching With Technology ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Education Today ◽  
And Mathematics

The importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and teaching through an inquiry approach, are critical facets in education today. The purpose of this chapter is to share useful observations and recommendations about teaching STEM through inquiry for practicing teachers. Three cases are used to collect data about participant interactions with an interdisciplinary activity related to climate change, human population growth, and atmospheric pollution (e.g., greenhouse gases and smog). Fifty-five participants, most of whom were pre-service teachers, completed a technology-rich activity, post-test assessment, and survey about the experience. The findings discussed include research results, the perspectives of the facilitating instructor, and recommendations for teaching technology-laden investigations through an inquiry approach. In general, the challenges related to teaching with technology and time constraints were found to be significant limiting factors in the success of inquiry-based teaching in STEM.

Climate change and large-scale human population collapses in the pre-industrial era

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Zhang ◽  
Harry F. Lee ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Baosheng Li ◽  
Jane Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Collapses

Wetlands: The living waters-A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Arya ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
International Level ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
The World

Wetlands are the link between land and water which provide imperative services to living forms. There are different kinds of wetlands around the world performing vivacious functions like water conservation, food supply, cultural value, biodiversity hotspots, pollution abatement etc. Nevertheless, increasing human population has lead to urbanization and land use changes resulting in climate change and pollution and ultimately in wetland destruction. Henceforth, conservation of wetlands is significant; for that at the international level Ramsar convention was steered and selected most important wetlands in the world which are under destruction. India has 26 Ramsar sites. Particulars regarding different kinds of wetlands, its significance, conservation and major wetlands in India are reviewed in this paper.

A new hydrology: effects on ecosystem form and functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1377-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Roelke ◽  
Sofie Spatharis ◽  
Simon M. Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Human Population Growth ◽  
Altered Hydrology

Water cycles are changing because of human population growth and climate change. Such changes will affect fundamental system-level characteristics that in turn will greatly influence ecosystem form and functioning. Here, a collection of papers is offered that furthers our understanding of cause and effect relationships between altered hydrology and various ecosystem properties. Combined, these papers address issues related to inflows, connectivity, and circulation and vertical mixing. In regards to altered inflows, this collection of papers addresses how seagrass bed communities, incidence of some haptophyte harmful algal blooms, and biodiversity of intermittently flowing streams might respond. These papers also address factors that influence connectivity in wetlands, and in the case of a lake and its neighboring wetland, how connectivity between systems can profoundly affect ecosystem form and functioning. Finally, the effects of altered circulation and vertical mixing are addressed as they relate to the spread of some cyanobacteria blooms to higher latitudes. The reader of this collection of papers gains a better appreciation of how ecosystem form and functioning is influenced by hydrologic processes and can conclude that there is a need for continued research in this area to better understand the impacts of human population growth and climate change.

scholarly journals Climate, CO<sub>2</sub>, and demographic impacts on global wildfire emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 15011-15050 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Knorr ◽  
L. Jiang ◽  
A. Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract. Wildfires are by far the largest contributor to global biomass burning and constitute a large global source of atmospheric traces gases and aerosols. Such emissions have a considerable impact on air quality and constitute a major health hazard. Biomass burning also influences the radiative balance of the atmosphere and is thus not only of societal, but also of significant scientific interest. There is a common perception that climate change will lead to an increase in emissions as hot and dry weather events that promote wildfire will become more common. However, even though a few studies have found that the inclusion of CO2 fertilization of photosynthesis and changes in human population patterns will tend to somewhat lower predictions of future wildfire emissions, no such study has included full ensemble ranges of both climate predictions and population projections, including the effect of different degrees of urbanisation. Here, we present a series of 124 simulations with the LPJ-GUESS-SIMFIRE global dynamic vegetation – wildfire model, including a semi-empirical formulation for the prediction of burned area based on fire weather, fuel continuity and human population density. The simulations comprise Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) climate predictions from eight Earth system models using two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and five scenarios of future human population density based on the series of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), sensitivity tests for the effect of climate and CO2, as well as a sensitivity analysis using two alternative parameterisations of the semi-empirical burned-area model. Contrary to previous work, we find no clear future trend of global wildfire emissions for the moderate emissions and climate change scenario based on the RCP 4.5. Only historical population change introduces a decline by around 15 % since 1900. Future emissions could either increase for low population growth and fast urbanisation, or continue to decline for high population growth and slow urbanisation. Only for high future climate change (RCP8.5), wildfire emissions start to rise again after ca. 2020 but are unlikely to reach the levels of 1900 by the end of the 21st century. We find that climate warming will generally increase the risk of fire, but that this is only one of several equally important factors driving future levels of wildfire emissions, which include population change, CO2 fertilisation causing woody thickening, increased productivity and fuel load, and faster litter turnover in a warmer climate.

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