Crop residues for biofuel and increased soil erosion hazards

2012 ◽  
pp. 397-414
Author(s):  
Rattan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Erosion Hazards

scholarly journals Crop Residues Management under Changing Climate Scenario

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
May Zar Myint ◽  
Raihana Habib Kanth ◽  
F. A. Bahar ◽  
S. S. Mehdi ◽  
A. A. Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
The Impact

Soil is the fundamental and necessary natural resource for the agricultural production system. Due to the increasing global population and the impact of climate changes, natural resources are the major limiting factor to use widely for food production. The major factors responsible for the deterioration of natural resources are extreme events caused by man-made activities and unexpected and unpredictable adverse natural forces of nature. Among the different degradation processes, soil erosion is one of the serious threatens to the deterioration of soil for the agricultural sector and healthy ecosystem conservation. Intensive agricultural practices are particularly caused by the acceleration of the soil erosion process. Therefore, the good and systematic management of soil resources is indispensable not only for sustainable agriculture or conservation agriculture but also for the protection and reduction of the natural ecosystem. Covering crop residues on soil enhances organic matter, protects the soil surfaces, maintains water and nutrients, improves soil biological activity and chemical composition, and contributes to pest management. Therefore, crop residue management is one of the conservation practices and is designed to leave sufficient residue on the soil surface to reduce wind and water erosion. It includes all field operations that affect the amount of residue, its an orientation to the soil surface and prevailing wind and rainfall patterns and the residue distribution throughout the period requiring protection. This paper especially highlights the status of soil erosion, crop residues, and management in crop residues in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Salman A. H. Selmy ◽  
Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz ◽  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Francisco Jesús García-Navarro ◽  
Mohamed E. Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Erosion Hazards ◽  
Loss Rates

Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (R-Factor), soil erodibility (K-Factor), topography (LS-Factor), crop types (C-Factor), and conservation practice (P-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (CE-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (SC-Factor), vegetation cover (VC-Factor), and surface roughness (SR-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 1.30 t ha−1 yr−1 and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha−1 yr−1 with a mean of 1.33 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha−1 yr−1), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (R2 = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same conditions.

scholarly journals A Review on Assessing and Mapping Soil Erosion Hazard Using Geo-Informatics Technology for Farming System Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4063
Author(s):  
Sumudu Senanayake ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
Jane Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Erosion Hazards

Soil erosion is a severe threat to food production systems globally. Food production in farming systems decreases with increasing soil erosion hazards. This review article focuses on geo-informatics applications for identifying, assessing and predicting erosion hazards for sustainable farming system development. Several researchers have used a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods with erosion models, integrating geo-informatics techniques for spatial interpretations to address soil erosion and land degradation issues. The review identified different geo-informatics methods of erosion hazard assessment and highlighted some research gaps that can provide a basis to develop appropriate novel methodologies for future studies. It was found that rainfall variation and land-use changes significantly contribute to soil erosion hazards. There is a need for more research on the spatial and temporal pattern of water erosion with rainfall variation, innovative techniques and strategies for landscape evaluation to improve the environmental conditions in a sustainable manner. Examining water erosion and predicting erosion hazards for future climate scenarios could also be approached with emerging algorithms in geo-informatics and spatiotemporal analysis at higher spatial resolutions. Further, geo-informatics can be applied with real-time data for continuous monitoring and evaluation of erosion hazards to risk reduction and prevent the damages in farming systems.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and assessing new samplers to measure wind soil erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1390-1406
Author(s):  
Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy ◽  
Omnia Mohamed Wassif
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Erosion Hazards

Wind soil erosion is one of the most important causes of soil degradation that impede the process of sustainable agricultural development. The first step to mitigating wind erosion hazards is to find an effective and accurate way to assess its severity. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to raise and evaluate the efficiency of the new four traps to measure eroded soil, Fixed Distance trap (FD), Fixed Point trap (FP), Rotary Distance trap (RD) and Rotary Point trap (RP). The study traps RP and FP compared with the Big Spring Number Eight trap (BSNE) (traditional trap) and the traps RD and FD compared with the Bagnold trap (traditional trap). The results indicated that the order of study traps in terms of soil collection efficiency and soil retention efficiency were RD>FD>Bagnold>RP>FP>BSNE and FP>RP>RD>FD>Bagnold>BSNE, respectively. Results proved that the best traps in collecting eroded soil were RP trap followed by FP trap, compared to BSNE trap. Also, the best traps in collecting eroded soil were RD trap, followed by FD trap, compared to the Bagnold trap. The most important results showed that the relative efficiency of RP and FP traps were 181% and 159%, respectively, compared to BSNE and the relative efficiency of RD and FD traps were 186% and 172%, respectively, compared to the Bagnold trap. The study proved high accuracy of new traps in measuring soil eroded material, separating soil particles according to their size directly inside traps and determining the direction of the wind compared to traditional traps.   

scholarly journals Innovative Pro-Smallholder Farmers’ Permanent Mulch for Better Soil Quality and Food Security Under Conservation Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Sibongiseni Mgolozeli ◽  
Adornis D. Nciizah ◽  
Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki ◽  
Fhatuwani N. Mudau
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Security Challenge

Soil degradation is the greatest threat to agricultural production globally. The practice of applying or retaining crop residues in the field as mulch is imperative to prevent soil erosion, maintain soil quality and improve crop productivity. However, smallholder farmers resort to maximizing profit by removing crop residues after harvest to sell or use them as feed for livestock. Agrimats are innovative pro-smallholder farming mulching materials that are manufactured using cheap or freely available organic waste materials. These materials include forestry waste, grasses, etc., therefore allowing smallholder farmers to make more profit through improved crop productivity for better food security. The most notable attributes of agrimats include their ability to prevent soil erosion, increase and sustain soil organic matter, suppress weeds, and conserve soil moisture. Food security challenge can be addressed by adopting agrimat technology as a sustainable permanent soil cover to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Agrimat incorporation in conservation agriculture practice could produce more food from less input resources (chemical fertilizers, water, etc.) with minimal or no adverse effect on the environment. This study aims to advocate permanent soil cover using agrimat as an innovative pro-smallholder farmer technology to improve soil quality for better food security.

scholarly journals The life-time concept as a tool for erosion tolerance definition

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (spe) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sparovek ◽  
M.M. Weill ◽  
S.B.L. Ranieiri ◽  
E. Schnug ◽  
E.F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Erosion Rates

By definition, erosion tolerance should consider the conservation of the soil as a natural resource essential for crop production. Erosion rates greater than soil renewal will cause soil depth loss. A minimum soil depth was defined as the depth in which the inputs (fertilizers, crop residues) and management technology (irrigation, improved genetic crop quality) were insufficient to prevent economic productivity loss. Thus, erosion rates greater than soil formation are acceptable only during the time in which the soil does not reach the minimum depth. We have defined this time period as life-time. The life-time concept was applied to the Ceveiro watershed (1,945 ha) located in a sugarcane growing region in the Southeast of Brazil Erosion rates were estimated with the Universal Soil Loss Equation and soil depths were measured by field surveys. Depth change and life-time calculations, considering a soil formation rate of 0.2 mm y-1, and assuming the present scenario of land use and a minimum soil depth of 1.0 m were made using the Geographic Information System. Land use represented 1,319 ha (68%) of sugarcane, 346 ha (18%) of forests and 278 ha (14%) of pasture. The area in which soil erosion was less than soil formation (not associated to long term impacts) represented 475 ha (24%), which included the total forest areas and 48% of pastures. The total sugarcane area had erosion rates greater than soil formation. The area with erosion rates greater than soil formation rates and soil depth less than 1.0 m, which resulted in a life-time equal to zero (soil erosion impacts are presently irreversible) was 832 ha (42%). This area was composed of 702 ha of sugarcane and 130 ha of pastures. The remaining area (erosion greater than formation and soil depth > 1.0 m) represented 638 ha (32%), which was composed of 620 ha of sugarcane and 18 ha of pasture. The half-lifetime for the watershed was estimated as 350 yr. The life-time concept was effective to evaluate the extreme soil degradation risk of the Ceveiro watershed in an integral and reliable form.

scholarly journals Assessing soil quality and soil erosion hazards in the Moneragala District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. K. Perera ◽  
W. A. C. Udeshani ◽  
I. D. U. H. Piyathilake ◽  
G. E. M. Wimalasiri ◽  
H. K. Kadupitiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Erosion Hazards
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