Crop Residues and Other Feed Resources: Inedible for Humans but Valuable for Animals

2011 ◽  
pp. 280-291
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Feed Resources

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

GM technology: a tool to benefit livestock production

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
A. Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Gm Technology

The limitations to livestock production are numerous and varied but are applicable to a greater or lesser extent in both developed and developing countries. Crop factors that limit livestock production include inadequate quality (e.g. crop residues such as maize stover) and quantity of feed resources with an inconsistent supply due to extremes of climate (e.g. low rainfall and high temperatures), the presence of anti-nutritional factors and toxins (e.g. trypsin inhibitors, glucosinolates, gossypol, mycotoxins), and deficiencies of specific nutrients (e.g. amino acids and minerals).

Assessment of potential livestock feed resources in Telangana State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raju ◽  
P. Ravi Kanth Reddy ◽  
N. Nalini Kumari ◽  
J. Narasimha ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Production Pattern

An assessment of livestock and poultry feed resources availability was done based on the extrapolation of secondary data from livestock census, 2012 and land utilization and crop production pattern in Telangana state. Overall dry matter (DM) availability in the state is about 19.47 million tonnes (Mt) from various feed resources. Availability of green forage, dry forage and concentrate feed resources were 2.38, 15.0 and 2.1 million tonnes respectively. Crop residues contributed to 77% of total DM supply for livestock in Telangana. Straws from paddy and maize crops are the major crop residues available in the state. The DM availability per RLU/day for the region as a whole is 6.1 kg with the values ranging from 2.8 kg in Adilabad district to 13.2 kg in Nizamabad district. Total DM availability including livestock and poultry was 84% and the deficit was around 16%. It could be concluded that there is severe shortage of green forages and concentrates to meet the requirements of livestock and poultry.

Opportunity and Constraints of Livestock Feed Resources in Abol and Lare Districts of Gambella Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Average Family Size

This research was done to identify livestock problems with the objective of assessing livestock production and associated constraints. The study was done using a formal survey, focus group discussions and field visit through open and closed ended questionnaires data collection. Purposive sampling was employed to select 90 households (HHs) having livestock and the data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. The average family size in the Abol (5.37) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than Lare (9.5) district. The levels of education in both districts were very low which nearly 57% of the households were without any kind of education. Trends in communal, arable and vegetation coverage were decreasing. Livestock rearing was them the means of livelihood of the population in Lare (78.7%) than Abol (21.7%) district. The average number of goats, sheep and chicken in Lare district were significantly (p<0.05) higher than Abol district. Natural pasture was the dominant feed resources in the area. The major livestock production constraints in the study area were ranked as health, feed, flood, drought, and theft and predators. From this study it was concluded that feed shortages occurs due to dry period and flood. Consecutively, poor conservation practices, storage of crop residues and improved forages which need effective training and demonstration to improve the productivity of livestock sector.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ruminant Husbandry Systems in Protected Areas of Batanes Islands, Philippines

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Warren Come ◽  
Eva Schlecht ◽  
Katja Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Plant Protein Sources ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Many

The Batanes islands are few of the remaining preserved natural landscape and seascape areas in the Philippines. The major source of income in the islands is ruminant husbandry. The study was conducted to document and assess the traditional husbandry systems in these areas with the specific aim of providing baseline data for policymaking and future intensification projects. Six villages were identified as study sites, and ten households per village with a total of 60 respondents were interviewed using a guided questionnaire. Findings from this survey revealed two husbandry systems namely: pasture based and mixed pasture based systems. The dominant livestock species in the islands were cattle, goat and carabao, quantified as Total Livestock Unit (TLU). The major reason for raising ruminants in the islands was for food. Tethering, feeding and breeding were the major husbandry activities done by the heads of the families and their children. Pasture based system mostly relied on vegetation in the wild and grassland areas while mixed-pasture based system added more plant protein sources from crop residues including cassava, sweet potato and corn. There were no feed and fodder materials coming from external feed resources. In general, traditional ruminant husbandry systems are still practiced by most farmers in Batanes. These practices contribute to the maintenance of the good landscape in the many areas of the islands.

scholarly journals Assessment of Livestock Water Productivity in Seno and Yatenga Provinces of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunde Adegoke Amole ◽  
Adetayo Adekeye ◽  
Augustine Abioye Ayantunde
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Livestock Products

The expected increase in livestock production to meet its increasing demand could lead to increased water depletion through feeds production. This study aimed at estimating the amount of water depletion through feeds and its corresponding productivity in livestock within the three dominant livestock management systems namely sedentary-intensive, sedentary-extensive, and transhumance in Yatenga and Seno provinces in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Using a participatory rapid appraisal and individual interview, beneficial animal products, and services were estimated, and consequently, livestock water productivity (LWP) as the ratio of livestock products and services to the amount of water depleted. Our results showed feed resources are mainly natural pasture and crop residues are common in all the management systems though the proportion of each feed type in the feed basket and seasonal preferences varied. Consequently, water depleted for feed production was similar across the systems in both provinces and ranged from 2,500 to 3,200 m−3 ha−1 yr−1. Values for milk (40 US$US$/household) and flock offtake (313 US$/household) derived from the transhumant system were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those from other systems in the Seno province. With higher returns from the beneficial outputs, LWP was higher (0.11 US$ m−3) in the transhumant system than other systems in Yatenga, but similar with sedentary-intensive in Seno Province Multiple regression analysis results showed that LWP had a significant positive relationship with flock offtake in Yatenga but milk and flock offtake in Seno. The study concluded that sedentary-intensive and transhumant system with more market-oriented beneficial outputs and much dependence on less-water-depleted feed resources will improve livestock water productivity in dry areas. Besides, interventions to improve livestock water productivity through beneficial outputs must recognize the unique socio-cultural context of the livestock farmers.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROP RESIDUES AS SUPPLEMENT FOR GOATS FATTENING AMONG ANIMAL REARERS IN GIPALMA MUBI-SOUTH, ADAMAWA STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Babale ◽  
A. Aliyu ◽  
Dazala ◽  
Wazamda
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
By Products ◽  
Main Strategy

Fattening has been defined as intensive feeding of highly nutritious feed to and promotes fast growth and fat deposition to achieve desired carcass growth and quality. The main strategy is to fatten young, lean male goat to obtain either from the farmer’s own flock or more often, purchased on the open market over a period of two to three months, with each farmer fattening between one and five animals. The goats are usually tethered or kept in a small sheltered enclosure at the homestead, and often fed and watered individually. Basal feeds used for goat fattening, such as hay and millet straw are supplemented with cowpea haulms, maize bran, rice bran and coconut flour which is derived from the crop residues. Poor nutrition is a major constraint in fattening small ruminants in Nigeria, this is because farmers often give the animals whatever is available, leading to waste when feed availability is high, and underfeeding when it is low (feed availability). Fattening of small ruminants as a business is very common in Nigeria. Small ruminants are usually reproduced on the farms or houses and are sold around festivities. (Christmas and Sallah) or when cash is required. No special efforts, other than grazing the animals, are made by many smallholder farmers and pastoralists to ‘’fatten’’ them. A similar situation exists for fattening of large ruminants (bulls) as a business. Most farmers in Nigeria sell their bulls once they have been introduced to ‘’fatten’’ these animals commercially. Goats are able to subsist and make appreciable gains in long dry season with crop residue-based diets that compare favourably with conventional concentrate rations. Some of the crop residues and by-products available are potentially good feed resources which degrade readily in the rumen, some however, have shown poor degradability and hence, require some treatments before they can contribute to animal nutrition.

Study on chemical treatment of wheat straw with Norea alkali

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
R. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Value

Feed shortage is the greatest obstacle to Iranian livestock industry. Historically, crop residues mainly cereal straw has been very important feed resources for ruminants during late summer and cold seasons in Iran. The digestibility and voluntary feed intake of these fibrous residues are quite low. The feeding value of fibrous co-products can be upgraded by chemical treatment (Galletti, 1991). Norea as a cheap locally produced alkali containing mainly lime and sulphur with higher solubility. Although the alkali is used for removing superfluous hair in human hygiene but it might also be effective for cell wall degradation in fibrous feeds. There was no any information on utilization of this alkali. Therefore, the reason for undertaking this experiment was to test this suggestion.

scholarly journals AVAILABILITY OF FEED RESOURCES FOR GOATS IN PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORAL DISTRICTS OF SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tekleyohannes Berhanu ◽  
Girma Abebe ◽  
Jameroen Thingtham ◽  
Sayan Tusdri ◽  
Somkiert Prasanpanich
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
South Omo ◽  
Main Rainy Season ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A survey was conducted in Hamer and Bena-Tsemay pastoral and agro-pastoral districts of South Omo zone, south western Ethiopia in between January to May 2011 with the objective to describe availability of feed resource for goats. Data were collected from the two districts by informal and formal survey methods using focused group discussion and semi-structured questionnaire administered to 250 households. Natural pastures from rangelands are major feed sources for goats. Higher feed availability is reported in March to April (during the main rainy season). However, availability of feed extends up to October in Bena-Tsemay district due to the higher rainfall in the district.  In both districts, the hot dry season (November to February) is the period of feed scarcity and during which high mortality of goats have been reported. Crop residues and some food left over are also available for supplementing animals especially in the agro-pastoral areas. The efficiency of goat production in the studied districts could be increased by optimizing goats breeding season with the availability of feed resources.

scholarly journals Urea Molasses Multinutrien Blok Sebagai Pakan Tambahan pada Ternak Ruminansia (UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO CATTLE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Yanuartono Yanuartono ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Alfarisa Nururrozi ◽  
Hary Purnamaningsih ◽  
Slamet Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The poor quality crop residues constitute the bulk of dry matter consumed by the ruminants. Like in most developing countries, including in Indonesia, feed shortage is the main constraint to their productivity. During the hot and dry seasons, the available feed resources are not enough in energy and digestion proteins, which are insufficient to maintenance requirements and reducing productivity throughout the year. The use of conventional feedstuffs such as rice brand, pollard, soybean cake, and groundnut cake to enhance production has become inappropriate. These supplements are in short supply owing to increasing demand from agricultural and industrial users. Their exorbitant prices and erratic supply made them too expensive for small-scale farmers to incorporate them into ruminant feeding. Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB) is a convenient and inexpensive method of providing a range of nutrients to ruminants. Giving UMMB can improve low-quality feed digestion so in general can improve the performance of livestock such as milk production, weight, BCS and reproductive status. This article aims to evaluation the benefits of a UMMB for feed ruminants.

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