Land subsidence and sea-level rise threaten fresh water resources in the coastal groundwater system of the Rijnland water board, The Netherlands

2011 ◽  
pp. 245-266
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Coastal Groundwater ◽  
Water Board ◽  
And Sea Level

Modelling nationwide climate change effects on coastal groundwater in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Delsman ◽  
Gualbert Oude Essink ◽  
Tobias Mulder ◽  
Sebastian Huizer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Coastal Groundwater ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
And Sea Level

<p>The coastal zone of the Netherlands is the densely populated economic heartland of the Netherlands. This low-lying area is predominantly located below current mean sea level. Groundwater in large parts of the Dutch coastal zone is saline, having infiltrated during Holocene transgressions. This saline groundwater is now slowly moving upward, driven by artificially lowered drainage levels and resulting land subsidence. Coastal groundwater in the Netherlands is vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, as groundwater levels rise, fresh groundwater reserves decrease, and surface water is salinized by exfiltrating saline groundwater.</p><p>We developed a high-resolution nationwide 3D fresh-salt groundwater flow and transport model to assess effects of climate change and sea level rise on groundwater salinization in the Netherlands. The fully scripted modelling workflow includes a 3D multiple indicator kriging interpolation of all available salinity measurements, that accounted for uncertainty in both measurements and interpolation. The developed model used a parallellized version of the SEAWAT model code to allow otherwise time-consuming calculations. It links to the existing national hydrological modelling framework to allow calculation of climate change effects on surface water supply and demand and agricultural damage. We used the resulting modelling framework to calculate groundwater effects of different climate change and sea level rise scenarios up to 2100.</p><p>Results show significant effects of climate change and especially sea level rise on coastal groundwater. Significant head increase (> 5% of SLR) is experienced in shallow aquifers between 2 to 10 km inland, dependent on the varying hydrogeological settings along the Dutch coast. In deeper aquifers, head increase generally propagates further, to up to 15 km inland. Through the combined effects of head increase and the inward movement of saline groundwater, salt loads to surface water increase over a significantly larger zone, extending to 25 km inward. Results signify the importance of including the long-term displacement of brackish and saline groundwater when assessing coastal groundwater effects of climate change and sea level rise.</p>

Using adaptation tipping points to prepare for climate change and sea level rise: a case study in the Netherlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap C. J. Kwadijk ◽  
Marjolijn Haasnoot ◽  
Jan P. M. Mulder ◽  
Marco M. C. Hoogvliet ◽  
Ad B. M. Jeuken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
And Sea Level

scholarly journals Floods Fail in War, Win as Weapon Against Sea Level Rise

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Reed
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Sea Level

A historical look at flooding used as a war strategy in the Netherlands found that the tactic often failed but, in the long run, has helped to protect the land against future floods and sea level rise.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Increasing Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of Native and Exotic Invasive Cordgrasses

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Infante-Izquierdo ◽  
Castillo ◽  
Grewell ◽  
Nieva ◽  
Muñoz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tidal Elevation ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
And Sea Level

Soil salinity is a key environmental factor influencing germination and seedling establishment in salt marshes. Global warming and sea level rise are changing estuarine salinity, and may modify the colonization ability of halophytes. We evaluated the effects of increasing salinity on germination and seedling growth of native Spartina maritima and invasive S. densiflora from wetlands of the Odiel-Tinto Estuary. Responses were assessed following salinity exposure from fresh water to hypersaline conditions and germination recovery of non-germinated seeds when transferred to fresh water. The germination of both species was inhibited and delayed at high salinities, while pre-exposure to salinity accelerated the speed of germination in recovery assays compared to non-pre-exposed seeds. S. densiflora was more tolerant of salinity at germination than S. maritima. S. densiflora was able to germinate at hypersalinity and its germination percentage decreased at higher salinities compared to S. maritima. In contrast, S. maritima showed higher salinity tolerance in relation to seedling growth. Contrasting results were observed with differences in the tidal elevation of populations. Our results suggest S. maritima is a specialist species with respect to salinity, while S. densiflora is a generalist capable of germination of growth under suboptimal conditions. Invasive S. densiflora has greater capacity than native S. maritima to establish from seed with continued climate change and sea level rise.

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