Substantiation of chamber parameters under combined open-cast and underground mining of graphite ore deposits

2011 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Open Cast

Experience in the development of innovative underground geotechnologies for mining of ore deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-350
Author(s):  
I. V. Sokolov ◽  
Y. G. Antipin ◽  
N. V. Gobov ◽  
I. V. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Ore Preparation ◽  
Additional Value

Based on an analysis of the design principles and practice of underground mining of ore deposits, the most significant features, trends to develop and directions to enhance of underground geotechnology in the field of opening and preparation, mining systems, filling works and ore preparation have been established. The main signs of innovation - scientific research and implementation in production in order to obtain additional value, are highlighted. Various approaches to the development of innovative underground geotechnologies are shown and a methodology for their justification is formulated based on a systematic approach implemented in the framework of the concept of integrated development of mineral resources and on the principles of economic efficiency, industrial and environmental safety, completeness of subsoil development. The experience of the IM UB RAS on the development and implementation of innovative underground geotechnologies in the design and industrial operation of a number of ore deposits is given, which significantly increased the completeness and quality of ore extraction from the subsoil, increased labor productivity in sinking and stoping works, reduced capital and operating costs for ore mining and to utilize mining and processing waste in the mined-out space.

scholarly journals Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Marina Rylnikova ◽  
Viktor Fedotenko ◽  
Natalia Mitishova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

scholarly journals Use of residual rock strength in bearing structures in underground ore mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Golik ◽  
Yury V. Dmitrak ◽  
Oleg Z. Gabaraev ◽  
Yuri I. Razorenov
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Scientific Support

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to improve technological processes with the increasing complexity of the development of ore deposits with an increase in the depth of development, the use of powerful technology and an increase in stresses in arrays of ore-bearing rocks. The need to minimize the risk of mining requires the development and use of tools for managing an array. The purpose of this study is to systematize information about the theory and practice of using the residual bearing capacity of destroyed rocks from the practice of underground mining to improve the methods used to control the geomechanics of ore-bearing arrays. The complex of research includes analytical, full-scale, laboratory and theoretical methods that are used to identify the phenomenon of the use of the residual carrying capacity of destroyed rocks. To achieve this goal information on the use of bearing floors made of intact and destroyed ores and rocks, as well as other materials, is systematized. A brief description of the scientific support of mining engineering tasks is given. The phenomenon of the use of residual bearing capacity of disturbed rocks in the structure arising in the mountain massif is characterized. A critical analysis of the concepts of array management is given. Considered alternative options for creating structures for solving problems of reducing the health risk of workers and improving the quality of ores. A new typification of structures using the residual strength of destroyed rocks is given. It has been proved that in underground mining there is an opportunity to realize the residual bearing capacity of the destroyed rocks to create structures with desired properties, which contributes to solving the tasks of labor protection and improving the quality of ores.

Hierarchical fuzzy-AHP-based multi-criteria decision making approach for selection of underground metal mining method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-420
Author(s):  
Bhanu Chander Balusa ◽  
Amit Kumar Gorai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Mining Methods

In the last few decades, many underground mining methods were proposed for extractions of ores. The decision-making for selecting the most suitable mining method for a typical ore depost depnds on various intrinsic and extrinsic factors (intrinsic – dip, shape, thickness, depth, grade distribution, RMR (rock mass rating) and RSS (rock substance strength) of ore, hanging wall, footwall, and extrinsic – recovery, dilution, safety, productivity, flexibility, capital). The present study aims to develop a hierarchical Fuzzy-AHP (FAHP) model for choosing the most suitable underground mining method for an ore deposit. The structure of the proposed hierarchical FAHP model consists of five levels. The level-1 of the hierarchy defines two variables (intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors). These are further classified into quantitative or qualitative nature of variable (listed in level-2). The criteria, sub-criteria, and mining method variables are listed respectively in Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5. For each level of the hierarchy, a fuzzy pair-wise comparison matrices are developed using the corresponding levels’ listed variables. These matrices at each level are subsequently used to determine the local and global weights of each variable. The global weights are used for prioritizing the different mining methods. The proposed hierarchical FAHP model was validated by considering the field data of two different ore deposits in India. The results showed that the most appropriate mining method predicted from the decision-making model and the adopted mining method for extracting the ore deposit are same in two case studied mines.

Environmental and Resource-Saving Technologies and Technical Equipment for Processing and Disposal of Man-General Formation and Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
T.V. Chekushina ◽  
T.V. Dudar ◽  
I.A. Lisovoy
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Zone Of Influence

The substantiation of environmental and resource-saving technologies and technical means for the processing and disposal of man-made formations and waste from mining and metallurgical production into underground mined-out spaces (man-made voids) as components of hardening filling mixtures is given. This will ensure the safety of the day surface from destruction and the vital activity of the population living in the zone of influence of the mining region. It was found that for the mines of the State Enterprise "VostGOK" (Ukraine), the utilization rate of waste of own production for the hardening filling is from 0.45 to 0.68; hydraulic – from 0.56 to 0.75; free-flowing – 0.62, and the extraction of each ton of salable ore is accompanied by the output of 0.7–0.8 tons of waste. The research results can be used in underground mining of ore deposits of complex structure and mining and metallurgical production.

To the Problem of Safety of Tyrnyauz Deposit Combined Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
V.I. Golik ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Garifulina ◽  
A.G. Abdulkhalimov ◽  
I.A. Zasseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tectonic Forces ◽  
Structural Blocks ◽  
Open Cast

The results are presented related to the retrospective analysis of the stability of Tyrnyauz deposit massifs during combined open-cast and underground mining for the development of measures to improve occupational safety. The information about Russian reserves of the tungsten and molybdenum is given. The characteristics of Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum deposit and technologies for its development in the historical cross-section are provided. The distinctive features of the development of high-altitude deposits are described on the example of the Caucasus. Brief information is given on the method of measuring the displacement deformations of the mined ore mass by geometric leveling using profile lines of the reference marks. The result of the experience of the deposit combined development and the idea of the rock mass as a heterogeneous medium of structural blocks limited by the fractures in the form of agitators with the glide planes and filling with the secondary material are formulated in the article. The methodology is given concerning identification of the regularities of the massif deformation based on the data of surveying measurements with the location of reference marks on the surface, at the bottom of the open-cast and in the underground horizons with graphical construction of hazardous zones. Information about the mechanism of destruction of the massif is generalized and systematized differentially for the composing elements: Blind deposit, Main scarn, Mukulansky open-cast It is shown that the deposit is located in the zone of tectonic forces effect, the stress state of its massif differs from geostatic in magnitude and direction of stresses, genesis and technogenic changes facilitated the transformation of the ore massif into a discrete medium, the formation of voids in the rock massifs was accompanied by the development of deformation with massif destruction. Studies of the history of the development of Tyrnyauz deposit testify the adequacy of massif behavior during technogenic intervention, which is a prerequisite for optimizing the technologies for industrial development of the deposit with an economic and environmental benefits.

May the origin of Cistus monspeliensis seeds determine its behaviour as a phytoremediator species for mine soils? 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arenas Lago ◽  
Luisa C Carvalho ◽  
Erika S Santos ◽  
Maria Manuela Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Concentrations

<p>Metal mining is one of the activities that causes the greatest problems of environmental pollution around the world. The main consequences derived from this activity are the degradation of soils, and alteration/destruction of vegetation, hydrology, fauna, microclimate, topography and landscape quality. In South-East of the Iberian Peninsula is located the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), one of the most important volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits in the world. The opencast and underground mining activities in this area generated large amounts of waste materials with high total concentrations of metal(loid)s. These materials also present other chemical and physical characteristics adverse to plant development such as low pH, water holding capacity, available nutrients and organic matter content, and unfavourable texture. However, some species have developed mechanisms of response to these stress conditions and have colonised spontaneously some contaminated soils/wastes in these areas from the IPB. In this study, we have investigated physiological behaviour of <em>Cistus monspeliensis</em>, a shrub adapted to Mediterranean conditions that grows in several contaminated and non-contaminated areas from the IPB, with the aim whether what are the key drivers for the unravelling of different physiological responses: the origin of the plants or the conditions of the growth medium. For this, seeds of <em>C. monspeliensis</em> were sampled in São Domingos mine (CmSD) and in an uncontaminated area from Caldeirão (CmCald) (SE of Portugal). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes and subsequently the seedlings from both areas were planted in a contaminated soil developed on a gossan (CS) and in an uncontaminated soil (US) under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Multielemental concentrations were determined in soils (total and available fractions) and plants (shoots). Germination rate, shoot height and dry biomass were measured, as well as pigments, glutathione, ascorbate and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contents were analysed in plant shoots. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Sb in CS exceed the intervention and maximum limits for ecosystem protection and human health. Preliminary results showed that there were not significant differences in the germination rate among assays (CmSD–CS, CmSD–US, CmCald–CS, CmCald–US). After two months growing, <em>C. monspeliensis</em> from both origins showed slightly higher height and biomass in US than CS. The leaf size did not show significant differences among the different assays. The CmCald plants were adapted to the mine soil conditions without showing toxicity symptoms and with a development similar to CmSD plants. In general, no significant differences were found for pigments among plant-soil assays, while H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content slightly increased in individuals planted in CS soil independently of seeds origin. In addition, the increase of oxidative stress in <em>C. monspeliensis</em> in CS caused the activation of ascorbate and glutathione production to maintain the cell’s redox state. Therefore, our study shows that <em>C. monspeliensis</em>, regardless of its origin, has the ability to tolerate contaminated environments with high total content of metal(oid)s. This statement is a very important point for mine soil recovery plans.</p><p>This research was supported by ED481D 2019/007 project (Xunta de Galicia) supporting Arenas-Lago D. through his postdoc contract.</p>

Scientific and Practical Procedures of Ensuring the Effectiveness of Environmental Measures during Exploitation of Iron Ore Deposits

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Liubov Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Environmental Activities

The essence and expediency in the use of partial indicators of economic efficiency evaluation and selection of environmental activities in the development of iron ore deposits in different mining conditions of its exploitation is identified. Methodical approach to economic evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental measures during developing of iron ore deposits by using of index environmental and economic changes level of the environment, specific costs for environmental protection and economic intensity of violations of the environment was improved. The generalized indicator of economic efficiency of production ecologization at enterprises of mining and processing of ore raw materials is grounded. Levels of this indicator by the character of environmental activities of the enterprise, the stability of its interaction with nature and level on environmental-safety, are allocated. The methodical substantiation of evaluation criteria and methods for measuring the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures during exploitation of iron ore deposits and practical aspects of assessing the level of ecologization of open-pit and underground mining in relation to the economy of mining enterprises are given.

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