The influence of performance funding strategy on capital cost of mining enterprises in Poland

2011 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Keyword(s):  
Capital Cost ◽  
Performance Funding

scholarly journals Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit of an Oleochemical Plant through a Cost and Energy Efficiency Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Valli Trisha ◽  
Kai Seng Koh ◽  
Lik Yin Ng ◽  
Vui Soon Chok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Annual Saving ◽  
Heat Exchanger Network ◽  
First Case ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Better Than

Limited research of heat integration has been conducted in the oleochemical field. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance of an existing heat exchanger network (HEN) of an oleochemical plant at 600 tonnes per day (TPD) in Malaysia, in which the emphases are placed on the annual saving and reduction in energy consumption. Using commercial HEN numerical software, ASPEN Energy Analyzer v10.0, it was found that the performance of the current HEN in place is excellent, saving over 80% in annual costs and reducing energy consumption by 1,882,711 gigajoule per year (GJ/year). Further analysis of the performance of the HEN was performed to identify the potential optimisation of untapped heating/cooling process streams. Two cases, which are the most cost-effective and energy efficient, were proposed with positive results. However, the second case performed better than the first case, at a lower payback time (0.83 year) and higher annual savings (0.20 million USD/year) with the addition of one heat exchanger at a capital cost of USD 134,620. The first case had a higher payback time (4.64 years), a lower annual saving (0.05 million USD/year) and three additional heaters at a capital cost of USD 193,480. This research has provided a new insight into the oleochemical industry in which retrofitting the HEN can further reduce energy consumption, which in return will reduce the overall production cost of oleochemical commodities. This is particularly crucial in making the product more competitive in its pricing in the global market.

Firm‐level political risk and Shari’ah compliance: equity capital cost and payouts policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Karimov ◽  
Faruk Balli ◽  
Hatice Ozer‐Balli ◽  
Anne Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Political Risk ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Firm Level

scholarly journals Reversible solid-oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power systems: Economic potential evaluated via plant capital-cost target

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 116700
Author(s):  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Ningling Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Tong ◽  
Liqiang Duan ◽  
Tzu-En Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Solid Oxide Cell ◽  
Reversible Solid Oxide Cell

Construction of Power Stations Designed and Built as Single Units

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Masding
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Engineering Costs ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
The Uk

This paper sets out an assessment of the value and practicality of the construction of fossil fired generating plant designed and built as single units and includes a proposal for the design and layout of a single unit designed to maximize the benefits derived from this concept. The conclusion is that an acceptable design of power plant, based on the construction of single 600 MW units, can be developed for the UK system which could prove to be advantageous in construction time, in capital cost and in running cost. The layout applies equally effectively to large ‘green field’ sites or for replanting existing stations; in addition, the plant can be replicated in detail and thereby reduce design and engineering costs. Finally the layout can also be applied in principle to smaller units for overseas utilities as required by their system developments.

A Tool for Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of Gas, Steam, and Combined Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agazzani ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the capability of an original “modular” simulator tool for the thermoeconomic analysis of thermal-energy systems. The approach employed is based on the Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis (T.F.A.), which, through definition of the “functional productive diagram” and the establishment of the capital cost function of each component, allows the marginal costs and the unit product costs, i.e., the “internal economy,” of the functional exergy flows to be obtained in correspondence to the optimum point. The optimum design of the system is obtained utilizing a traditional optimization technique, which includes both physical structure of the energy system described in terms of thermodynamic variables and cost model (capital cost of the components, maintenance and amortization factors, unit fuel cost, unit electricity cost, etc.). As an application example to show the practicability of the tool, the thermoeconomic analysis of various complex multipressure combined cycles (with or without steam reheating) is carried out. The results are analyzed and discussed in depth.

Cost of Speed: Analysis of Capital Cost Estimates for High-Speed Ground Transportation Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 1584 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
John A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Wide Range

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 required the U.S. Department of Transportation to evaluate the commercial feasibility of high-speed ground transportation—a family of technologies ranging from incremental rail improvements to high-speed rail and magnetic levitation (Maglev) systems—in selected urban corridors. The evaluation involved estimating travel times, capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, and ridership for proposed service frequencies and then computing the potential return on investment from fares and other potential revenues. The results are documented in a U.S. Department of Transportation report generally referred to as the commercial feasibility study (CFS). Two elements of the CFS are addressed here: travel times and capital costs in four illustrative corridors—Chicago to St. Louis; Los Angeles to San Francisco; Eugene, Oreg., to Vancouver, B.C.; and Miami to Tampa via Orlando. Analysis of the results reveals common cost trends: for average speeds up to about 200 km/hr (125 mph), the initial investment required is generally in the range $1.6 to $3 million per route-kilometer ($2.6 to 4.8 million per route-mile). Above this speed regime (which varies by corridor), the initial investment increases steadily with speed, generally reaching $10 to $12 million per route-km ($16 to $19 million per route-mi) for very-high-speed rail systems and from $14 to $19 million per route-km ($23 to $31 million per route-mi) for Maglev systems. Analysis of the capital cost estimates reveals that despite the wide range of initial costs for the high-speed options, the cost per minute of trip time saved is remarkably consistent in corridors of similar length and with similar terrains. Cost-effectiveness plots are provided, allowing the reader to compare the performance of each of the four corridors in terms of trip time savings and cost per route-kilometer.

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