A Test Environment for Studying the Human-Likeness of Robotic Eye Movements*

2017 ◽  
pp. 295-312
Author(s):  
Kohlbecher Stefan ◽  
Bartl Klaus ◽  
Schneider Erich ◽  
Wallhoff Frank
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Human Likeness

scholarly journals Mind the eyes: artificial agents’ eye movements modulate attentional engagement and anthropomorphic attribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Counterpart ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Attentional Engagement

Artificial agents are on their way to interact with us daily. Thus, the design of embodied artificial agents that can easily cooperate with humans is crucial for their deployment in social scenarios. Endowing artificial agents with human-like behavior may boost individuals' engagement during the interaction. We tested this hypothesis in two screen-based experiments. In the first one, we compared attentional engagement displayed by participants while they observed the same set of behaviors displayed by an avatar of a humanoid robot and a human. In the second experiment, we assessed the individuals' tendency to attribute anthropomorphic traits towards the same agents displaying the same behaviors. The results of both experiments suggest that individuals need less effort to process and interpret an artificial agent's behavior when it closely resembles one of a human being. Our results support the idea that including subtle hints of human-likeness in artificial agents' behaviors would ease the communication between them and the human counterpart during interactive scenarios

scholarly journals Mind the Eyes: Artificial Agents’ Eye Movements Modulate Attentional Engagement and Anthropomorphic Attribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Counterpart ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Attentional Engagement

Artificial agents are on their way to interact with us daily. Thus, the design of embodied artificial agents that can easily cooperate with humans is crucial for their deployment in social scenarios. Endowing artificial agents with human-like behavior may boost individuals’ engagement during the interaction. We tested this hypothesis in two screen-based experiments. In the first one, we compared attentional engagement displayed by participants while they observed the same set of behaviors displayed by an avatar of a humanoid robot and a human. In the second experiment, we assessed the individuals’ tendency to attribute anthropomorphic traits towards the same agents displaying the same behaviors. The results of both experiments suggest that individuals need less effort to process and interpret an artificial agent’s behavior when it closely resembles one of a human being. Our results support the idea that including subtle hints of human-likeness in artificial agents’ behaviors would ease the communication between them and the human counterpart during interactive scenarios.

scholarly journals At first sight: robots’ subtle eye movement parameters affect human attentional engagement, spontaneous attunement and perceived human-likeness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Movement Parameters

AbstractHuman-robot interaction research could benefit from knowing how various parameters of robotic eye movement control affect specific cognitive mechanisms of the user, such as attention or perception. In the present study, we systematically teased apart control parameters of Trajectory Time of robot eye movements (rTT) between two joint positions and Fixation Duration (rFD) on each of these positions of the iCub robot. We showed recordings of these behaviors to participants and asked them to rate each video on how human-like the robot’s behavior appeared. Additionally, we recorded participants’ eye movements to examine whether the different control parameters evoked different effects on cognition and attention. We found that slow but variable robot eye movements yielded relatively higher human-likeness ratings. On the other hand, the eye-tracking data suggest that the human range of rTT is most engaging and evoked spontaneous involvement in joint attention. The pattern observed in subjective ratings was paralleled only by one measure in the implicit objective metrics, namely the frequency of spontaneous attentional following. These findings provide significant clues for controller design to improve the interaction between humans and artificial agents.

scholarly journals At first sight: robots’ subtle eye movement parameters affect human attentional engagement, spontaneous attunement and perceived human-likeness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Movement Parameters

Human-robot interaction research could benefit from knowing how various parameters of robotic eye movement control affect specific cognitive mechanisms of the user, such as attention or perception. In the present study, we systematically teased apart control parameters of Trajectory Time of robot eye movements (rTT) between two joint positions and Fixation Duration (rFD) on each of these positions of the iCub robot. We showed recordings of these behaviors to participants and asked them to rate each video on how human-like the robot’s behavior appeared. Additionally, we recorded participants’ eye movements to examine whether the different control parameters evoked different effects on cognition and attention. We found that slow but variable robot eye movements yielded relatively higher human-likeness ratings. On the other hand, the eye-tracking data suggest that the human range of rTT is most engaging and evoked spontaneous involvement in joint attention. The pattern observed in subjective ratings was paralleled only by one measure in the implicit objective metrics, namely the frequency of spontaneous attentional following. These findings provide significant clues for controller design to improve the interaction between humans and artificial agents.

Correlation between dislocation, grain boundary and interface of duplex SS in stress corrosion cracking(SCC)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Wang Zheng-fang ◽  
Z.F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Welding Thermal Cycle ◽  
Micro Analysis

The main purpose of this study highlights on the evaluation of chloride SCC resistance of the material,duplex stainless steel,OOCr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (18-5Mo) and its welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).18-5Mo is a dual phases (A+F) stainless steel with yield strength:512N/mm2 .The proportion of secondary Phase(A phase) accounts for 30-35% of the total with fine grained and homogeneously distributed A and F phases(Fig.1).After being welded by a specific welding thermal cycle to the material,i.e. Tmax=1350°C and t8/5=20s,microstructure may change from fine grained morphology to coarse grained morphology and from homogeneously distributed of A phase to a concentration of A phase(Fig.2).Meanwhile,the proportion of A phase reduced from 35% to 5-10°o.For this reason it is known as welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).In association with difference of microstructure between base metal and welded CGZ,so chloride SCC resistance also differ from each other.Test procedures:Constant load tensile test(CLTT) were performed for recording Esce-t curve by which corrosion cracking growth can be described, tf,fractured time,can also be recorded by the test which is taken as a electrochemical behavior and mechanical property for SCC resistance evaluation. Test environment:143°C boiling 42%MgCl2 solution is used.Besides, micro analysis were conducted with light microscopy(LM),SEM,TEM,and Auger energy spectrum(AES) so as to reveal the correlation between the data generated by the CLTT results and micro analysis.

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Groner ◽  
Marina T. Groner ◽  
Kazuo Koga
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Human Motion

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

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