Bacterial Overgrowth of the Small Intestine

2011 ◽  
pp. 322-337
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth

scholarly journals PWE-050 Does small intestine bacterial overgrowth cause neurodysmotility in IBS and coeliac disease?

Gut ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A317.1-A317 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Evans ◽  
E Lunn ◽  
S Raza ◽  
D S Sanders ◽  
S Higham
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth

scholarly journals Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (36) ◽  
pp. E8489-E8498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Vonaesch ◽  
Evan Morien ◽  
Lova Andrianonimiadana ◽  
Hugues Sanke ◽  
Jean-Robert Mbecko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Current View ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Small Intestinal

Linear growth delay (stunting) affects roughly 155 million children under the age of 5 years worldwide. Treatment has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Stunting is most likely associated with changes in the microbial community of the small intestine, a compartment vital for digestion and nutrient absorption. Efforts to better understand the pathophysiology have been hampered by difficulty of access to small intestinal fluids. Here, we describe the microbial community found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of stunted children aged 2–5 y living in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied 46 duodenal and 57 gastric samples from stunted children, as well as 404 fecal samples from stunted and nonstunted children living in Bangui, Central African Republic, and in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using 16S Illumina Amplicon sequencing and semiquantitative culture methods. The vast majority of the stunted children showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth dominated by bacteria that normally reside in the oropharyngeal cavity. There was an overrepresentation of oral bacteria in fecal samples of stunted children, opening the way for developing noninvasive diagnostic markers. In addition, Escherichia coli/Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were found to be more prevalent in stunted children, while Clostridia, well-known butyrate producers, were reduced. Our data suggest that stunting is associated with a microbiome “decompartmentalization” of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increased presence of oropharyngeal bacteria from the stomach to the colon, hence challenging the current view of stunting arising solely as a consequence of small intestine overstimulation through recurrent infections by enteric pathogens.

Glucose-H2 breath test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth

1990 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginoroberto Corazza ◽  
Margherita Sorge ◽  
Alessandra Strocchi ◽  
Giovanni Gasbarrini
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
H2 Breath Test

scholarly journals Bacterial Overgrowth in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Null Mouse Small Intestine

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6040-6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Norkina ◽  
Tim G. Burnett ◽  
Robert C. De Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

ABSTRACT We recently reported the inflammation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse small intestine, and we hypothesized bacterial overgrowth as a possible cause. Quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S genomic DNA in the CF mouse small intestine revealed an increase of greater than 40-fold compared to controls. Sequencing of 16S PCR products and Gram staining showed that the majority of bacteria in the CF mouse intestine were gram negative. Bacteria were observed to colonize the mucus that accumulates in the intestinal lumen of mice with CF. Impaired Paneth cell defenses were suggested by observation of partially dispersed Paneth granules in the mucus plugs of CF mouse intestinal crypts, and this mucus was strongly immunoreactive for Paneth cell bactericidal products. The role of bacterial overgrowth in intestinal inflammation in CF was tested by treating mice with oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) for 3 weeks, which reduced bacterial load in the CF mouse small intestine over 400-fold. Antibiotic treatment decreased the expression of the inflammation-related genes mast cell protease 2, leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein/leucine-rich high endothelial venule glycoprotein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, hematopoietic cell transcript 1, and resistin-like molecule β/found in inflammatory zone 2, all of which were no longer expressed at levels significantly different from control levels. The reduction of intestinal bacteria also significantly improved the growth of CF mice but had no effect on the growth of wild-type mice. These data suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the CF mouse small intestine has a role in inflammation and contributes to the failure to thrive in this mouse model of CF.

scholarly journals Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth and Environmental Enteropathy in Bangladeshi Children

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Donowitz ◽  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
Beth D. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Masud Alam ◽  
Miao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Environmental Enteropathy ◽  
Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is common among developing world children. SIBO’s pathogenesis and effect in the developing world are unclear. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of SIBO in Bangladeshi children and its association with malnutrition. Secondary objectives included determination of SIBO’s association with sanitation, diarrheal disease, and environmental enteropathy. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 90 Bangladeshi 2-year-olds monitored since birth from an impoverished neighborhood. SIBO was diagnosed via glucose hydrogen breath testing, with a cutoff of a 12-ppm increase over baseline used for SIBO positivity. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate SIBO predictors. Differences in concomitant inflammation and permeability between SIBO-positive and -negative children were compared with multiple comparison adjustment. A total of 16.7% (15/90) of the children had SIBO. The strongest predictors of SIBO were decreased length-for-age Z  score since birth (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 0.60) and an open sewer outside the home (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.06 to 21.62). Recent or frequent diarrheal disease did not predict SIBO. The markers of intestinal inflammation fecal Reg 1β (116.8 versus 65.6 µg/ml; P = 0.02) and fecal calprotectin (1,834.6 versus 766.7 µg/g; P = 0.004) were elevated in SIBO-positive children. Measures of intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation did not differ between the groups. These findings suggest linear growth faltering and poor sanitation are associated with SIBO independently of recent or frequent diarrheal disease. SIBO is associated with intestinal inflammation but not increased permeability or systemic inflammation. IMPORTANCE A total of 165 million children worldwide are considered stunted, which is associated with increased risk of death prior to age 5 years and cognitive disability. Stunting has, in part, been attributed to the presence of environmental enteropathy. Environmental enteropathy is a poorly understood condition leading to chronic intestinal inflammation. It has been postulated that small intestine bacterial overgrowth contributes to the pathogenesis of environmental enteropathy as overgrowth has been associated with intestinal inflammation and micronutrient malabsorption when it develops in other clinical contexts. This study confirms the finding that overgrowth occurs at high rates in the developing world. This is the first study to show that overgrowth is associated with intestinal inflammation and linear growth delay in this setting and is the first to examine why children with no known gastrointestinal dysfunction develop overgrowth from the developing world environment.

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth does not correspond to intestinal inflammation in cystic fibrosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lisowska ◽  
Edyta Mądry ◽  
Andrzej Pogorzelski ◽  
Jarosław Szydłowski ◽  
Andrzej Radzikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth
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