World Soil Resources: Opportunities and Challenges

Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.03.061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 61-77

Author(s):

O. Demydenko ◽

V. Velychko

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Soil Resources ◽

Global Soil ◽

Humus Accumulation ◽

By Products ◽

The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

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Analysis of Information Support for the Condition of Soil Resources in Ukraine

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.02.077 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Baliuk ◽

V. Solovey ◽

M. Zakharova ◽

A. Kucher ◽

S. Truskavetskyi

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Sustainable Land Use ◽

Information Support ◽

Land Resources ◽

Soil Resources ◽

Diffi Cult ◽

Other Information ◽

Global Soil ◽

Individual Type ◽

Available Information

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine.

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Possibilities for integrating Hungarian legacy soil data into international databases

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.2.4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 263-276

Author(s):

István Waltner ◽

Márta Fuchs ◽

Erika Michéli ◽

Vince Láng

Keyword(s):

Soil Resources ◽

Reference Base ◽

World Reference Base

A tanulmány célja az volt, hogy felmérje a legnagyobb hazai területi lefedettséggel rendelkező, túlnyomóan archív adatokat tartalmazó talajtani adatbázisok harmonizációs lehetőségeit nemzetközi adatbázisokkal. A cikk fókuszában a Világ Talaj Referenciabázis (World Reference Base for Soil Resources, WRB) rendszere által meghatározott követelmények állnak, mivel számos modern adatbázis talajadat-struktúrája igyekszik alkalmazkodni annak követelményeihez. Négy kiválasztott adatbázison vizsgáltuk, hogy a rendelkezésre álló adatok alapján lehetséges-e meghatározni alapvető, a hazánk környezeti viszonyai között előforduló WRB egységeket. Mindegyik adatbázis saját módszertanából kiindulva egyszerűsített algoritmusokat hoztunk létre, hogy a lehető legtöbb archív információ hasznosuljon. Az eredmények alapján látható, hogy a WRB rendszerét adoptáló adatbázisokba a hazai archív talajadatok korlátozott mértékben ugyan, de beilleszthetőek. Megfigyelhető továbbá, hogy míg az egyes archív adatbázisok önmagukban csupán korlátozott információt nyújtanak a WRB számára, kombinációjukkal ez az információhiány jelentősen csökkenthető.

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COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH OF THE DECISION EXISTING PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AND STABILIZATION OF WATER AND SOIL RESOURCES IN AZERBAIJAN

Natural resources of the Earth and environmental protection ◽

10.26787/nydha-2713-203x-2020-1-7-8-9-7-10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Aliyev Z.H.

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Laws Of Nature ◽

Human Mind ◽

Comprehensive Approach ◽

Soil Resources ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Development Methods

The article considers the issues of solving the problems of the development of the erosive danger of soil in Azerbaijan, which is why it should be understood that the human mind is unable to change the force of nature, but can only learn and correctly use the laws of nature, use the acting natural force and improve the ways of controlling them. At the same time, in the process of development, methods are struggling with soil erosion in the first stage, which is necessary for studying the causes of occurrence and patterns in its development

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Ja zur Gewässerrevitalisierung – (k)eine Frage der Fruchtfolgeflächenverluste (Essay)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2015.0213 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norbert Kräuchi ◽

Martin Tschannen

Keyword(s):

Flood Control ◽

Arable Land ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Water Protection ◽

Soil Resources ◽

Annual Loss ◽

Strategic Plans ◽

Excessive Consumption ◽

The Way

Yes to revitalisation of watercourses: (not) a question of loss of arable land (essay) Because of the reduced availability of soil resources, projects for flood control, renaturation or revitalisation of watercourses have been opposed on the grounds of their excessive consumption of land in general, and arable land in particular. By the way of the Water Protection Act, which has been revised and came into force in 2011, the Confederation obliges the cantons to prepare strategic plans for revitalisation of watercourses. In the Canton of Aargau, it is planned to revitalise 152 km of watercourses between 2015 and 2035, which will lead to the loss of 32 ha of arable land. This is about 1.5 ha per year, or 6% of the annual loss of arable land, which is about 24 ha per year. Three quarters of this total is lost to settlements. If one only considers losses outside built-up areas, in 2014, more than half was lost to buildings connected to agricultural activity. We can demonstrate, using the Siegfried maps of 1880, that more than 1,000 ha of former marsh and wetland are now arable land. The planned revitalisation of watercourses in Aargau over the next 20 years is equivalent to about 3% of the marsh and wetlands converted over the last 135 years. Revitalisation is compulsory, and the planned obligation to compensate the loss of arable land disregards the true situation: the major consumers of soil resources are settlements and, outside built-up areas, agriculture.

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