Inorganic Membrane Reactors for Energy Applications

2011 ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Energy Applications

Membrane-Assisted Reactor Engineering

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Plug Flow ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Shape Selectivity ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Membrane Tube

Like zeolites that combine shape selectivity with catalysis, membranes combine separation with catalysis to enhance reaction rates. The dual functionality of zeolites derives from the nature of the catalytic material, whereas that of membranes derives from the nature of the reactor material. The catalyst in the membrane reactor can be a part of the membrane itself or be external to it (i.e., placed inside the membrane tube). The chief property of a membrane is its ability for selective permeation or permselectivity with respect to certain compounds. Organic membrane reactions are best carried out in reactors made of inorganic membranes, such as from palladium, alumina, or ceramics. Good descriptions of these reactions and the membranes used are available in many reviews, for example, Gryaznov (1986, 1992), Stoukides (1988), Armor (1989), Govind and Ilias (1989), Bhave (1991), Zaspalis and Burggraaf (1991), Hsieh (1989, 1991), Shu et al. (1991), Shieh (1991), Gellings and Bouwmeister (1992), Tsotsis et al. (1993b), Harold et al. (1994), Saracco and Specchia (1994), Sanchez and Tsotsis (1996). A recent trend has been to develop polymeric-inorganic composite type membranes formed by the deposition of a thin dense polymeric film on an inorganic support (Kita et al., 1987; Rezac and Koros, 1994, 1995; Zhu et al., 1996). Another class of membranes under development for organic synthesis is the liquid membrane (Marr and Kopp, 1982; Eyal and Bressler, 1993). The permselective barrier in this type of membrane is a liquid phase, often containing a dissolved “carrier” or “transporter” that selectively reacts with a specific permeate to enhance its transport rate through the membrane. Our main concern in this chapter will be with inorganic membrane reactors. We commence our treatment with an introduction to the exploitable features of membrane reactors (with no attempt to describe membrane synthesis). Then we describe the main variations in design and operating mode of these reactors, develop performance equations for the more important designs, and compare the performances of some important designs with those of the traditional mixed- and plug-flow reactors. Finally, we present a summary of the applications of membrane reactors in enhancing the rates of organic reactions.

Inorganic Membranes for Hydrogen Production from the Water-Gas Shift Reaction: Materials, Reactor Design, and Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Ding ◽  
Zehong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Wgs Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

Inorganic membranes for gas separation and purification have attracted great research interest. One application utilizing these materials is for H2 production from the water-gas shift reactions (WGS). The exothermic, reversible WGS reaction is controlled by thermodynamic equilibrium and exhibits decreased conversion with increasing temperatures. It is envisaged that the reaction conversion will surpass the equilibrium value if the reaction is conducted in a hydrogen-permselective membrane reactor, where the hydrogen product can be continuously removed from the reactor to shift the reaction equilibrium. In this article, the most recent development on material synthesis and fabrication of microporous ceramic membranes and dense palladium-based metal membranes are firstly reviewed according to their performance for H2 permeance and permselectivity over slightly larger molecules. The modification methods for improving membrane structure integrity, hydrophobicity, and stability at high temperature operation are also discussed. Subsequently, inorganic membrane reactors for the WGS reaction are evaluated in terms of CO conversion, hydrogen purity and operation parameters. Finally, modeling on gas transport through inorganic membranes and simulation of membrane reactors are discussed. By comparing the performance of various membranes, future prospective and improvement on membrane preparation and membrane reactor design are proposed.

Small Scale Reforming Separation Systems with Nanomembrane Reactors for Direct Fuel Cell Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Vasileiadis ◽  
Zoe Ziaka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Fuel Gas

Our recent communication focuses on small scale and nanoscale type engineering applications of alumina inorganic membrane reactors and reactor-permeator systems for the conversion of renewable and non-renewable hydrocarbons and methane rich streams into hydrogen rich gas for direct inner application and operation of fuel cell systems. This study elaborates on new nanomembrane reactors for the steam-methane/hydrocarbon reforming and water gas shift reactions, including work in the synthesis, manufacturing, modeling and operation of such microreaction systems. The projected small scale reactors, separators and overall reaction systems are of current significance in the area of multifunctional microreactor and nanoreactor design and operation in connection with the operation of fuel cells for transportation, stationary, and portable power generation applications. An added advantage of such systems is the reactive and separative operations of the fuel cell membrane-processor which are combined to convert the hydrocarbon with steam to valuable fuel gas for continuous fuel cell operation. Moreover, the nanomembrane systems under development have the unique characteristics to perform multiple operations per unit volume, such as to utilize beneficial equilibrium shift principles in reactant conversion and product yield through the removal of permselective species (i.e., hydrogen) via the inorganic membrane out of the conversion/reaction zone. In this way, improved hydrogen and product yields can be achieved which exceed the equilibrium calculated yields. Simultaneously, the reaction products, such as synthesis gas (i.e., H2, CO and CO2) at the reactor exit can be used as fuel in mostly solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells. The role of the alumina nanomembrane is also in the main conversion and upgrading sections of these feedstocks in order to overcome existing heat and mass transfer limitations and increase the overall efficiency of the microreactor-fuel cell system.

Inorganic membrane reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zaman ◽  
A. Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Catalysts and Membranes for MCH Dehydrogenation: A Mini Review

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Durga Acharya ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
Zongli Xie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Dehydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future

Methylcyclohexane (MCH), one of the liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), offers a convenient way to store, transport, and supply hydrogen. Some features of MCH such as its liquid state at ambient temperature and pressure, large hydrogen storage capacity, its well-known catalytic endothermic dehydrogenation reaction and ease at which its dehydrogenated counterpart (toluene) can be hydrogenated back to MCH and make it one of the serious contenders for the development of hydrogen storage and transportation system of the future. In addition to advances on catalysts for MCH dehydrogenation and inorganic membrane for selective and efficient separation of hydrogen, there are increasing research interests on catalytic membrane reactors (CMR) that combine a catalyst and hydrogen separation membrane together in a compact system for improved efficiency because of the shift of the equilibrium dehydrogenation reaction forwarded by the continuous removal of hydrogen from the reaction mixture. Development of efficient CMRs can serve as an important step toward commercially viable hydrogen production systems. The recently demonstrated commercial MCH-TOL based hydrogen storage plant, international transportation network and compact hydrogen producing plants by Chiyoda and some other companies serves as initial successful steps toward the development of full-fledged operation of manufacturing, transportation and storage of zero carbon emission hydrogen in the future. There have been initiatives by industries in the development of compact on-board dehydrogenation plants to fuel hydrogen-powered locomotives. This review mainly focuses on recent advances in different technical aspects of catalytic dehydrogenation of MCH and some significant achievements in the commercial development of MCH-TOL based hydrogen storage, transportation and supply systems, along with the challenges and future prospects.

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