scholarly journals 1096. Linezolid versus Tedizolid for the Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Assessment of Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S577-S578
Author(s):  
Yi Kee Poon ◽  
Ricardo M La Hoz ◽  
James Sanders ◽  
Linda S Hynan ◽  
Marguerite Monogue
Keyword(s):  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background Treatment options for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are limited by the long-term tolerability of antimicrobials. The oxazolidinones, linezolid and tedizolid, display in vitro activity against many NTM species and demonstrate excellent oral bioavailability. This study compares the hematologic safety profile of linezolid versus tedizolid for the treatment of NTM in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult SOT recipients who received linezolid or tedizolid as part of a multi-drug regimen to treat NTM between January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2019. The primary endpoint was the hematologic effects of linezolid versus tedizolid from therapy initiation to week seven. This time frame was chosen based on the median duration of therapy. A mixed-effects ANOVA model was used to assess the effects of linezolid and tedizolid on platelet counts (PLT), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), and hemoglobin (Hgb) across time. Subjects were treated as a random effect. The secondary analysis described the proportion of adverse effects and discontinuation. Results Twenty-four patients were included in the analysis (9 linezolid, 15 tedizolid). Mycobacterium abscessus abscessus was the most common isolate, and pulmonary was the most common site of infection (Table 1). The median duration of therapy was 24 days (range 3 to 164 days) and 48 days (range 11 to 571 days) for linezolid and tedizolid, respectively. All patients in the linezolid group received 600 mg daily or less for the majority of treatment duration. In the mixed-effects ANOVA, the ANC decreased in both groups after seven weeks of therapy (p=0.04). Otherwise, no significant effects for week, treatment group, or interaction between week and treatment group were found (Figure 1). Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were common in both groups, and around one-fifth of patients in each group discontinued the medication due to adverse effects (Table 2). Table 1. Baseline characteristics of solid organ transplant recipients who received linezolid or tedizolid as part of a multi-drug regimen to treat nontuberculous mycobacteria infections between January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2019 at UT Southwestern Medical Center. Table 2. Adverse drug events and discontinuation of therapy over seven weeks of therapy. Figure 1. Effects of linezolid versus tedizolid during the initial seven weeks of therapy using a mixed-effects ANOVA model, (a) platelet counts, (b) absolute neutrophil counts, and (c) hemoglobin. Conclusion Non-significant statistical differences were found comparing the effects of linezolid versus tedizolid for PLT, ANC, and Hgb using mixed-effects ANOVA models. Larger cohort studies are required to compare the hematologic adverse effect profile of the oxazolidinones for the treatment of NTM infections in SOT recipients. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Flint ◽  
Paul L. Cornelius ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Original Measurement ◽  
Data Heterogeneity

A model and a proposed method for testing herbicide interactions were modified from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) model for a 2 by 2 factorial experiment. Statistical tests for either synergism, antagonism, or additivity of herbicide combinations were developed through transforming growth data to logarithms followed by significance tests of 2 by 2 contrasts of the form μii- μi0- μ0i+ μ00with respect to the log-transformed data. Using actual experimental data, heterogeneity of variance was less severe on the log scale compared to the original measurement scale. An expedient SAS(R)program for obtaining the desired significance tests was developed.

Rectal Administration of Ibuprofen: Comparison of Enema and Suppository Form

Drug Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Prasaja ◽  
Yahdiana Harahap ◽  
Monika Sandra ◽  
Irene Iskandar ◽  
Windy Lusthom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Equal Dose ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIbuprofen is a widely used and well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic. It is desirable to have a formulation with a rapid rate of absorption because it is required for rapid pain relief and temperature reduction. Previous studies have described the pharmacokinetic profiles of ibuprofen suppository and the mean peak times of ibuprofen suppository were around 1.8 hours, indicating a slower rate of absorption. The aim of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of rectal administration of ibuprofen between enema and suppository form in order to provide evidence for the faster absorption rates of ibuprofen enema. This study was a phase-1 clinical study, open-label, randomized and two-way crossover with one-week washout period comparing the absorption profile of equal dose of ibuprofen administered rectally in two treatment phases: ibuprofen suppository and enema. Blood samples were collected post dose for pharmacokinetic analyses. Tmax was analyzed using a Wilcoxon matched paired test. A standard ANOVA model, appropriate for bioequivalence studies was used and ratios of 90% confidence intervals were calculated. This study showed that Tmax for ibuprofen enema was less than half that of ibuprofen suppository (median 40 min vs. 90 min, respectively; p-value=0.0003). Cmax and AUC0–12 for ibuprofen enema were bioequivalent to ibuprofen suppository, as the ratio of test/reference=104.52%, 90% CI 93.41–116.95% and the ratio of test/reference=98.12%, 90%CI 93.34–103.16%, respectively, which fell within 80–125% bioequivalence limit. The overall extent of absorption was similar to the both, which were all well tolerated. In terms of Tmax, Ibuprofen enema was absorbed twice as quickly as from ibuprofen suppository. Therefore it is expected that an ibuprofen enema may provide faster onset of analgesic and antipyretic benefit.

Abstract WP95: Feasibility of 24/7 Neurohospitalist Presence and Impact on Alteplase DTN Times and Mortality

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Schneider ◽  
Reid Taylor ◽  
Robin Jones ◽  
Roy Nanz ◽  
Edward Jauch
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Median Test ◽  
After Hours

Introduction: After hours stroke coverage in community hospitals is typically provided on-call from home or through telehealth. Lack of immediate on-site stroke expertise may delay door-to-needle (DTN) times for IV alteplase. A 750-bed community hospital that had evening emergency stroke coverage by a neurologist on-call from home transitioned to 24/7 neurohospitalist coverage in October 2015. Methods: Data were obtained from patients treated with alteplase in the ED for ischemic stroke. We evaluated the DTN times at baseline and after intervention of the new care model dichotomized by daytime (7a-5p) and evening (5p-7a). Mortality (death in hospital and discharge (DC) to hospice) was assessed. Data were compared for statistical correlation using a Mood’s Median Test and 2-sample t-test. Results: There were 579 cases from January 2015 through July 2019 treated with alteplase in the ED for ischemic stroke. Patients available for study pre- and post-intervention were 84 and 495, respectively (Table 1). Daytime arrival was more common. Significant improvements in door-to-neurohospitalist at bedside and DTN time were observed regardless of time of day, but the greatest difference seen was in evening hours. Using an ANOVA model, EMS arrival was the most significant factor predicting DTN times. Despite fewer patients arriving via EMS in the post-intervention group (90% vs 94% baseline), the DTN times improved post intervention. Mortality was significantly improved after the intervention. Despite a 44% increase in code stroke arrivals to the ED, the feasibility of the care model over ~4 years was maintained by no loss of any neurohospitalists and the addition of 1 more. Conclusion: In-hospital 24/7 model of neurohospitalist coverage is a feasible model for large community hospitals and is associated with significantly faster DTN times and reduced mortality. We will explore other aspects of the care model and other changes occurring during the study period.

scholarly journals On shrinkage and selection: ANOVA model

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Md. Ehsanes Saleh ◽  
M. Arashi ◽  
M. Norouzirad ◽  
B M Goalm Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Ridge Estimator ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Projection Scheme ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Risk Equivalent

This paper considers the estimation of the parameters of an ANOVA model when sparsity is suspected. Accordingly, we consider the least square estimator (LSE), restricted LSE, preliminary test and Stein-type estimators, together with three penalty estimators, namely, the ridge estimator, subset selection rules (hard threshold estimator) and the LASSO (soft threshold estimator). We compare and contrast the L2-risk of all the estimators with the lower bound of L2-risk of LASSO in a family of diagonal projection scheme which is also the lower bound of the exact L2-risk of LASSO. The result of this comparison is that neither LASSO nor the LSE, preliminary test, and Stein-type estimators outperform each other uniformly. However, when the model is sparse, LASSO outperforms all estimators except “ridge” estimator since both LASSO and ridge are L2-risk equivalent under sparsity. We also find that LASSO and the restricted LSE are L2-risk equivalent and both outperform all estimators (except ridge) depending on the dimension of sparsity. Finally, ridge estimator outperforms all estimators uniformly. Our finding are based on L2-risk of estimators and lower bound of the risk of LASSO together with tables of efficiency and graphical display of efficiency and not based on simulation.

scholarly journals Biological Variation: The Effect of Different Distributions on Estimated Within-Person Variation and Reference Change Values

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Røraas ◽  
Bård Støve ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Sverre Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Nonparametric Method ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Reference Change Value ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

Abstract BACKGROUND Good estimates of within-person biological variation, CVI, are essential for diagnosing and monitoring patients and for setting analytical performance specifications. The aim of the present study was to use computer simulations to evaluate the impact of various measurement distributions on different methods for estimating CVI and reference change value (RCV). METHOD Data were simulated on the basis of 3 models for distributions of the within-person effect. We evaluated 3 different methods for estimating CVI: standard ANOVA, ln-ANOVA, and CV-ANOVA, and 3 different methods for calculating RCV: classic, ln-RCV, and a nonparametric method. We estimated CVI and RCV with the different methods and compared the results with the true values. RESULTS The performance of the methods varied, depending on both the size of the CVI and the type of distributions. The CV-ANOVA model performed well for the estimation of CVI with all simulated data. The ln-RCV method performed best if data were ln-normal distributed or CVI was less than approximately 12%. The nonparametric RCV method performed well for all simulated data but was less precise. CONCLUSIONS The CV-ANOVA model is recommended for both calculation of CVI and the step-by-step approach of checking for outliers and homogeneity in replicates and samples. The standard method for calculation of RCV should not be used when using CVs.

ON THE APPLICATION OF DISPERSION ANALYSIS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A QUARTZ UV IRRADIATOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
D. D. Balandin ◽  
O. L. Lyubimtseva
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Uv C

Ensuring and improving the quality of products is currently an urgent task implemented through product quality management. In connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus, Rospotrebnadzor recommends the use of quartz lamps when disinfecting premises. The article discusses the issue of assessing the quality of a device for home use of a quartz ultraviolet irradiator OUFK-01. In accordance with the WHO recommendations, the irradiation indicator became the main one for the study. The study was carried out using an ANOVA model with several iterations. Purpose of the study: to study the variability of the irradiance index in different UV ranges depending on the source of UV radiation (UV lamp) of the ultraviolet irradiator OUFK-01. The main advantage of the analysis of variance was used – the ability to consider the interaction of various factors. The conclusions that were formulated based on the results of analysis of variance suggest that the quality of the OUFK-01 irradiator has changed. Data processing was carried out using the MS EXCEL software package. The article provides a rationale for what is meant by “quality improvement”, namely, in order not to violate the bactericidal effect, it is necessary to reduce the UV-A and UV-B ranges to acceptable values, since the effect of UV-C rays has not been fully studied, then the irradiance should be increased to the permissible wavelength range. A comparative analysis of successively modified products showed that the quality of the device increased with the replacement of the UV lamp.

Factors Contributing to Intra-Individual Variation of Serum Constituents: 5. Short-Term Day-to-Day and Within-Hour Variation of Serum Constituents in Healthy Subjects

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Winkel ◽  
Bernard E Statland ◽  
Henning Bokelund
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract We evaluated the variations in some serum constituents in a group of healthy young men for two selected time intervals: short-term day-to-day changes and within-hour changes. In the first case, we used a two-way ANOVA model to compute the main-day effect and the subject-day interaction terms, which were combined to yield the total day-to-day variation. A main-day effect was seen to be statistically significant only for acid phosphatase, while all of the 18 serum constituents except for sodium, calcium, and albumin demonstrated a statistically significant subject-day interaction. For the within-hour biologic variation, a three-way ANOVA model was used to analyze results of duplicate serum samples drawn at 1100 h and 1130 h on two different days. Although a significant main effect of hour was found only for total lipids and alkaline phosphatase, pooling the main effect of hour, subject-hour interaction, and subject-day-hour interaction terms resulted in a chemically significant variation for potassium, total protein, albumin, iron, total lipids, cholesterol, and bilirubin. The relationship of these biological fluctuations is compared to the expected analytical variation in all cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document