Economic Costs, Benefits and Achievability of Low-Impact Development-Based Stormwater Regulations

This paper will describe the function of water resources to support business activities in Surakarta regency, Central Java province. Surakarta is a business city in Central Java province with small business enterprises and specific culture. This city has a famous river with the name is Bengawan Solo. Bengawan Solo is a River Flow Regional (RFR) to support business activities in Surakarta regency. Concious with the function, societies and local government in Surakarta must to manage the sustainability of River Flow Regional (RFR) Bengawan Solo. It is important to manage the sustainability of business activity in Surakarta regency. According to the condition in Surakarta regency, this paper will explain how the simulation of Low Impact Development Model in Surakarta regency. Low Impact Development is a model that can manage and evaluate sustainability of water resources in River Flow Regional (RFR). Low Impact Development can analys goals, structures, and process water resources management. The system can also evaluate results and impacts of water resources management. From this study, we hope that Low Impact Development can manage water resources in River Flow Regional (RFR) Bengawan Solo.

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Identyfikacja kosztów pogorszenia reputacji przedsiębiorstwa z perspektywy interesariuszy

Przegląd Organizacji ◽

10.33141/po.2014.04.02 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Danuta Szwajca ◽

Alina Rydzewska ◽

Tomasz Nawrocki

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Crisis Situation ◽

Modern Economy ◽

The Cost ◽

A Company ◽

Crisis Situations

In the realities of modern economy even the best-managed company is not able to avoid threats and bad decisions, that can cause a crisis. Each crisis situation, that a company experiences, generates not only measurable economic costs, but also more difficult to assess and measure costs of a deteriorated reputation. These costs are the result of infringement of interests or failing to satisfy different stakeholders expectations. The aim of this article is an attempt to identify the cost of reputation deterioration in the context of the various interests of stakeholders groups. In the first part, the paper presents the effects of good and bad reputation, the reputation "contamination" path in a crisis situation and a cost analysis caused by it. The second part is empirical, where the identification of crisis situations measurable costs and reputation deterioration based on the examples of three selected companies was performed.

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Input Use and Productivity across Farm Sizes: A Comparison of the Two Punjabs

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v27i4iipp.595-604 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 27 (4II) ◽

pp. 595-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eshya Mujahid Mukhtar ◽

Hanid Mukhtar

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Practices ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Government Policies ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Land Distribution ◽

Input Use ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Ideal Framework ◽

Productivity Gains

Agricultural production depends upon certain crucial inputs e.g., water, fertilizer etc. In the less developed regions of South Asia in general, and the indo-Pakistan sub-continent in particular, the use of these inputs depends not only upon the financial affordability but also upon the institutional accessibility of farmers to these inputs. Besides high economic costs, bureaucratic controls and corruption regarding the distribution of inputs have created problems of limited accessibility, especially to the small farmers. In the absence of any credit, information and/or input distribution networks, the use of these inputs, and related productivity gains, become confined to that class of farmers which not only has better access to these inputs but is capable of using them in the best possible way e.g. use of water and fertilizer in the appropriate amount and at the appropriate time. This paper attempts to study how input use and input productivity vary across farm sizes, with some reference to the infrastructural and institutional factors, whose development play an important role in improving the distribution and productivity of inputs. For such an analysis, a comparison of the two Punjabs i.e. Pakistani and Indian Punjabs, presents an ideal framework, Separated by a national boundary since 1947, the two Punjabs enjoy a common history and culture, similar agricultural practices and agro-climatic conditions, Government policies in the two Punjabs, however, have not only differed between the two provinces at the same time, but also over time in the same province. It may be noted that due to certain policy measures, land distribution, tenancy conditions, promotion of agricultural co-operatives and provision of infrastructural features, such as roads and electricity, are relatively more improved in Indian than Pakistani Punjab.

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Study of The Influence of Different Variables on Clathrate Practical Applications in Phenol Removal

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.v38i9a.1123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (9A) ◽

pp. 1373-1383

Author(s):

Riyadh S. AL- Mukhtar ◽

Shurooq T. Remedhan ◽

Marwa N. Hussin

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structures ◽

High Capacity ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Constant Speed ◽

Water Volume ◽

Phenol Removal ◽

Process Performance ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Glass Cell

In this work, effluent wastewater treated by using cyclopentane-water Clathrate system to treat water contaminates with phenols at concentrations (300, 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50) ppm in order to investigate the capability of process performance. Clathrate or hydrate are strong crystal structures including water (host particles) and little particles (guest particles). The experiments were conducted at different cyclopentane-water volume ratios (1: 2 and 1: 4). The work was done in a 250 ml glass cell with an electric mixer at a constant speed of 280 cycles per minute. Phenol was highest removal percent at 300ppm at 1: 4volume ratio was (92.3%), while the lowest concentration at 50 ppm and 1: 2volume ratio was (55%). Yield and Enrich factor had the highest values at the lowest concentration 50ppm and 1:2 volume ratio were (85% and 2.42) respectively. The technique of the Clathrate proved that it has a high capacity in the separation and achieve high removal percentage compared to other methods at standard conditions when the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature higher than the degree of freezing water and less economic costs compared to other methods.

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