Role of Pharmacogenetics in Forensic Toxicology

2011 ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Delphine Allorge ◽  
Gilles Tournel
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Toxicology

scholarly journals Applications of Metabolomics in Forensic Toxicology and Forensic Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3010
Author(s):  
Michal Szeremeta ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica ◽  
Adam Kretowski ◽  
Michal Ciborowski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Statistical Approaches

Forensic toxicology and forensic medicine are unique among all other medical fields because of their essential legal impact, especially in civil and criminal cases. New high-throughput technologies, borrowed from chemistry and physics, have proven that metabolomics, the youngest of the “omics sciences”, could be one of the most powerful tools for monitoring changes in forensic disciplines. Metabolomics is a particular method that allows for the measurement of metabolic changes in a multicellular system using two different approaches: targeted and untargeted. Targeted studies are focused on a known number of defined metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics aims to capture all metabolites present in a sample. Different statistical approaches (e.g., uni- or multivariate statistics, machine learning) can be applied to extract useful and important information in both cases. This review aims to describe the role of metabolomics in forensic toxicology and in forensic medicine.

Method for Postmortem Quantification of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Metabolites Using LC–MS–MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 703-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I Al-Asmari
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Information

Abstract A specific, sensitive, fast and simple method for analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OH) and 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) in routine postmortem cases using LC–MS–MS was developed and validated. Prior to solid phase extraction, urine, stomach contents and bile were pretreated using alkaline hydrolysis, while blood and vitreous humor were pretreated with protein precipitation. The distribution of THC, THC-OH and THC-COOH were investigated in 31 postmortem cases that tested positive for cannabinoids. This revealed new information regarding the distribution of THC in stomach contents and vitreous humor. Alkaline hydrolysis was sufficient for the deglucuronidation of THC-COOH-glucuronide to its free form, THC-COOH, in urine, bile and stomach contents. However, the THC-OH concentration in bile reported in this study is considerably high compared to that of previous studies. In conclusion, including THC and its metabolites (THC-OH and THC-COOH) is crucial for any forensic toxicology detection method to most accurately determine the role of cannabinoids in deaths.

scholarly journals The Future of Analytical and Interpretative Toxicology: Where are We Going and How Do We Get There?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M R Wille ◽  
Simon Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right

Abstract (Forensic) toxicology has faced many challenges, both analytically and interpretatively, especially in relation to an increase in potential drugs of interest. Analytical toxicology and its application to medicine and forensic science have progressed rapidly within the past centuries. Technological innovations have enabled detection of more substances with increasing sensitivity in a variety of matrices. Our understanding of the effects (both intended and unintended) have also increased along with determination and degree of toxicity. However, it is clear there is even more to understand and consider. The analytical focus has been on typical matrices such as blood and urine but other matrices could further increase our understanding, especially in postmortem (PM) situations. Within this context, the role of PM changes and potential redistribution of drugs requires further research and identification of markers of its occurrence and extent. Whilst instrumentation has improved, in the future, nanotechnology may play a role in selective and sensitive analysis as well as bioassays. Toxicologists often only have an advisory impact on pre-analytical and pre-interpretative considerations. The collection of appropriate samples at the right time in an appropriate way as well as obtaining sufficient circumstance background is paramount in ensuring an effective analytical strategy to provide useful results that can be interpreted within context. Nevertheless, key interpretative considerations such as pharmacogenomics and drug–drug interactions as well as determination of tolerance remain and in the future, analytical confirmation of an individual’s metabolic profile may support a personalized medicine and judicial approach. This should be supported by the compilation and appropriate application of drug data pursuant to the situation. Specifically, in PM circumstances, data pertaining to where a drug was not/may have been/was contributory will be beneficial with associated pathological considerations. This article describes the challenges faced within toxicology and discusses progress to a future where they are being addressed.

Current role of ICP–MS in clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology: a metallic profile

Bioanalysis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 2245-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Goullé ◽  
Elodie Saussereau ◽  
Loïc Mahieu ◽  
Michel Guerbet
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Clinical Toxicology ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals Hair testing of GHB: an everlasting issue in forensic toxicology

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo Busardò ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Simona Zaami ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Pascal Kintz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Segmental Analysis ◽  
Hair Testing

Abstract Background: In this paper, the authors present a critical review of different studies regarding hair testing of endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), concentrations in chronic users, and values measured after a single GHB exposure in drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases together with the role of a recently identified GHB metabolite, GHB-glucuronide. Content: The following databases (up to March 2017) PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used, searching the following key words: γ-hydroxybutyrate, GHB, GHB glucuronide, hair. The main key words “GHB” and “γ-hydroxybutyrate” were searched singularly and then associated individually to each of the other keywords. Summary: Of the 2304 sources found, only 20 were considered appropriate for the purpose of this paper. Summing up all the studies investigating endogenous GHB concentration in hair, a very broad concentration range from 0 to 12 ng/mg was found. In order to detect a single GHB dose in hair it is necessary to commonly wait 1 month for collecting hair and a segmental analysis of 3 or 5 mm fragments and the calculation of a ratio between the targeted segment and the others represent a reliable method to detect a single GHB intake considering that the ratios presently proposed vary from 3 and 10. The only two studies so far performed, investigating GHB-Glucuronide in hair, show that the latter does not seem to provide any diagnostic information regarding GHB exposure. Outlook: A practical operative protocol is proposed to be applied in all suspected cases of GHB-facilitated sexual assault (GHB-FSA).

Role of Forensics in the Cases of Criminal Poisoning

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Siniša Franjić
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Criminal Investigation

Forensics is a scientific discipline which deals with evidencing of criminal acts, and consists of a series of sub disciplines. One of them is forensic toxicology whose task is to detect the existence of poisons in the human body and existence of poisons in all areas where they should not be. Although rarely happens, the criminal act of Poisoning has to be investigated in accordance with the rules of criminal investigation and, due to the established facts, to raise the indictment and punish the perpetrator.

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