Immune Modulation of Inammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Concussion and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Poluyi ◽  
Eghosa Morgan ◽  
Charles Poluyi ◽  
Chibuikem Ikwuegbuenyi ◽  
Grace Imaguezegie
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Background Current epidemiological studies have examined the associations between moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their risks of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Concussion, also known as mild TBI (mTBI), is however quite distinct from moderate or severe TBIs. Only few studies in this burgeoning area have examined concussion—especially repetitive episodes—and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, no definite relationship has been established between them. Objectives This review will discuss the available literatures linking concussion and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and Methods Given the complexity of this subject, a realist review methodology was selected which includes clarifying the scope and developing a theoretical framework, developing a search strategy, selection and appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis. A detailed literature matrix was set out in order to get relevant and recent findings on this topic. Results Presently, there is no objective clinical test for the diagnosis of concussion because the features are less obvious on physical examination. Absence of an objective test in diagnosing concussion sometimes leads to skepticism when confirming the presence or absence of concussion. Intriguingly, several possible explanations have been proposed in the pathological mechanisms that lead to the development of some neurodegenerative disorders (such as ALS and AD) and concussion but the two major events are deposition of tau proteins (abnormal microtubule proteins) and neuroinflammation, which ranges from glutamate excitotoxicity pathways and inflammatory pathways (which leads to a rise in the metabolic demands of microglia cells and neurons), to mitochondrial function via the oxidative pathways. Conclusion mTBI constitutes majority of brain injuries. However, studies have focused mostly on moderate-to-severe TBI as highlighted above with inconclusive and paucity of studies linking concussion and neurodegenerative disorders. Although, it is highly probable that repetitive concussion (mTBI) and subconcussive head injuries may be risk factors for ALS) and AD from this review. It will be imperative therefore to conduct more research with a focus on mTBI and its association with ALS and AD.

scholarly journals Common Factors in Neurodegeneration: A Meta-Study revealing Shared Patterns on a Multi-Omics Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ruffini ◽  
Susanne Klingenberg ◽  
Susann Schweiger ◽  
Susanne Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are heterogeneous, progressive diseases with frequently overlapping symptoms characterized by a loss of neurons. Studies suggested relations between neurodegenerative diseases for many years, e.g., regarding the aggregation of toxic proteins or triggering endogenous cell death pathways. Within this study, publicly available genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data were gathered from 188 studies and more than one million patients to detect shared genetic patterns between the neurodegenerative diseases and the analyzed omics-layers within conditions. The results show a remarkably high number of shared genes between the transcriptomic and proteomic levels for all diseases while showing a significant relation between genomic and proteomic data only in some cases. A set of 139 genes was found to be differentially expressed in several transcriptomic experiments of all four diseases. These 139 genes showed overrepresented GO-Terms and pathways mainly involved in stress response, cell development, cell adhesion, and the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the overlap of two and three omics-layers per disease were used to search for overrepresented pathways and GO-Terms. Taken together, we could confirm the existence of many relations between Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on the transcriptomic and proteomic level by analyzing the pathways and GO-Terms arising in these intersections. The significance of the connection between the transcriptomic and proteomic data for all four analyzed neurodegenerative diseases showed that exploring these omics-layers simultaneously holds new insights that do not emerge from analyzing these omics-layers separately. Our data therefore suggests addressing human patients with neurodegenerative diseases as complex biological systems by integrating multiple underlying data sources.

scholarly journals Revisiting the term neuroprotection in chronic and degenerative diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Orsini ◽  
Osvaldo J.M. Nascimento ◽  
Andre P.C. Matta ◽  
Carlos Henrique Melo Reis ◽  
Olivia Gameiro De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Thanks to the development of several new researches, the lifetime presented a significant increase, even so, we still have many obstacles to overcome − among them, manage and get responses regarding neurodegenerative diseases. Where we are in the understanding of neuroprotection? Do we really have protective therapies for diseases considered degeneratives such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its variants, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and many others? Neuroprotection is defined by many researches as interactions and interventions that can slow down or even inhibit the progression of neuronal degeneration process. We make some considerations on this <em>neuroprotective</em> <em>effect</em>.

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Nuno Santos Leal ◽  
Luís Miguel Martins
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Contact Sites ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The way organelles are viewed by cell biologists is quickly changing. For many years, these cellular entities were thought to be unique and singular structures that performed specific roles. However, in recent decades, researchers have discovered that organelles are dynamic and form physical contacts. In addition, organelle interactions modulate several vital biological functions, and the dysregulation of these contacts is involved in cell dysfunction and different pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCS) are among the most extensively studied and understood juxtapositioned interorganelle structures. In this review, we summarise the major biological and ultrastructural dysfunctions of MERCS in neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on Alzheimer’s disease as well as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We also propose an updated version of the MERCS hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease based on new findings. Finally, we discuss the possibility of MERCS being used as possible drug targets to halt cell death and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Subject-specific features of excitation/inhibition profiles in neurodegenerative diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Monteverdi ◽  
Fulvia Palesi ◽  
Alfredo Costa ◽  
Paolo Vitali ◽  
Anna Pichiecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Neural Mass Model ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Brain pathologies are based on microscopic changes in neurons and synapses that reverberate into large scale networks altering brain dynamics and functional states. An important yet unresolved issue concerns the impact of patients excitation/inhibition profiles on neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In this work we used a simulation platform, The Virtual Brain, to simulate brain dynamics in healthy controls and in Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients. The brain connectome and functional connectivity were extracted from 3T-MRI scans and The Virtual Brain nodes were represented by a Wong-Wang neural mass model endowing an explicit representation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. The integration of cerebro-cerebellar loops improved the correlation between experimental and simulated functional connectivity, and hence The Virtual Brain predictive power, in all pathological conditions. The Virtual Brain biophysical parameters differed between clinical phenotypes, predicting higher global coupling and inhibition in Alzheimer's disease and stronger NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-dependent excitation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. These physio-pathological parameters allowed an advanced analysis of patients' state. In backward regressions, The Virtual Brain parameters significantly contributed to explain the variation of neuropsychological scores and, in discriminant analysis, the combination of The Virtual Brain parameters and neuropsychological scores significantly improved discriminative power between clinical conditions. Eventually, cluster analysis provided a unique description of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in individual patients. In aggregate, The Virtual Brain simulations reveal differences in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of individual patients that, combined with cognitive assessment, can promote the personalized diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Alcohol Drinking in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Peng ◽  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Rachna B Joshi ◽  
Yuancai Liu ◽  
Mohammed Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), increase as the population ages around the world. Environmental factors also play an important role in most cases. Alcohol consumption exists extensively and it acts as one of the environmental factors that promotes these neurodegenerative diseases. The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with brain damage. Chronic alcohol intake leads to elevated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and permanent neuronal damage associated with malnutrition. The relationship and contributing mechanisms of alcohol with these three diseases are different. Epidemiological studies have reported a reduction in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals who drink low amounts of alcohol; low or moderate concentrations of ethanol protect against β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity in hippocampal neurons; and excessive amounts of ethanol increase accumulation of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation. Alcohol has been suggested to be either protective of, or not associated with, PD. However, experimental animal studies indicate that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may have dopamine neurotoxic effects through the induction of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and an increase in the amount of α-Synuclein (αSYN) relevant to PD. The findings on the association between alcohol consumption and ALS are inconsistent; a recent population-based study suggests that alcohol drinking seems to not influence the risk of developing ALS. Additional research is needed to clarify the potential etiological involvement of alcohol intake in causing or resulting in major neurodegenerative diseases, which will eventually lead to potential therapeutics against these alcoholic neurodegenerative diseases.

Fucoidan: a promising venue for the intervention of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Yingchao Ma ◽  
Zhenkun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are urgent medical problems, which severely threaten the life quality of patients and their caretakers....

scholarly journals Novel Insights on Systemic and Brain Aging, Stroke, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Shetty ◽  
Raghavendra Upadhya ◽  
Leelavathi N. Madhu ◽  
Maheedhar Kodali
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis
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