Role of Inammation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. 326-353
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases

scholarly journals Dietary Modulation of Bacteriophages as an Additional Player in Inflammation and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Luigi Marongiu ◽  
Markus Burkard ◽  
Sascha Venturelli ◽  
Heike Allgayer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Species Specific

Natural compounds such as essential oils and tea have been used successfully in naturopathy and folk medicine for hundreds of years. Current research is unveiling the molecular role of their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the effect of these compounds on bacteriophages is still poorly understood. The application of bacteriophages against bacteria has gained a particular interest in recent years due to, e.g., the constant rise of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, or an increasing awareness of different types of microbiota and their potential contribution to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory and malignant conditions. Thus, a better knowledge of how dietary products can affect bacteriophages and, in turn, the whole gut microbiome can help maintain healthy homeostasis, reducing the risk of developing diseases such as diverse types of gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or even cancer. The present review summarizes the effect of dietary compounds on the physiology of bacteriophages. In a majority of works, the substance class of polyphenols showed a particular activity against bacteriophages, and the primary mechanism of action involved structural damage of the capsid, inhibiting bacteriophage activity and infectivity. Some further dietary compounds such as caffeine, salt or oregano have been shown to induce or suppress prophages, whereas others, such as the natural sweeter stevia, promoted species-specific phage responses. A better understanding of how dietary compounds could selectively, and specifically, modulate the activity of individual phages opens the possibility to reorganize the microbial network as an additional strategy to support in the combat, or in prevention, of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammation and cancer.

scholarly journals Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Alexane Ollivier ◽  
Maxime M. Mahe ◽  
Géraldine Guasch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Potential Applications

The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier.

scholarly journals PERANAN Musca domestica SEBAGAI VEKTOR MEKANIK TELUR INFEKTIF Ascaris lumbricoides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Suriyani Tan ◽  
Machrumnizar Machrumnizar
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fish Meat

Muscadomestica (house fly) is an insect that is considered useless by humans although they lived very close to humans. Breeding site of flies in human or animal waste, the rubbish, or unorganic objects that have decayed greatly support their role as mechanical vectors. More than 20 species of flies have been reported as an agent of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examnine the role of houseflies as mechanical vectors Ascarislumbricoides’seggs.The research sample was 500 house flies (Muscadomestica) captured in the Legok area. Houseflies were trapped by fly trap containing rotten fish meat and then stored at a temperature of 4 degree celcius. The samples were divided into six groups according to the sampling areas, crushed and checked directly by using a light microscope. Ascarislumbricoides eggs are not found in all groups of samples. The study concluded that Muscadomestica is not a mechanical vector of infective eggs of Ascarislumbricoides in Tangerang City, Banten Province.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological role of guanylate-binding proteins in gastrointestinal diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (28) ◽  
pp. 6434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Britzen-Laurent ◽  
Christian Herrmann ◽  
Elisabeth Naschberger ◽  
Roland S Croner ◽  
Michael Stürzl
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

The role of adiponectin in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases

Gut ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schaffler ◽  
J. Scholmerich
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases

A new role of heparin: A polysaccharide for gastrointestinal diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Yi N. Ye ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Marcel W. L. Koo ◽  
Chi H. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases

scholarly journals Cellular Mediators of Inflammation: Tregs andTH17Cells in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Pandolfi ◽  
Rossella Cianci ◽  
Danilo Pagliari ◽  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Giovanni Cammarota
Keyword(s):  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mediators

Human lymphocyte subpopulations were originally classified as T- and B-cells in the 70s. Later, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, it became possible to recognize, within the T-cells, functional populations:CD4+andCD8+. These populations were usually referred to as “helper” and “suppressor” cells, respectively. However several investigations within the CD8 cells failed to detect a true suppressor activity. Therefore the term suppressor was neglected because it generated confusion. Much later, true suppressor activity was recognized in a subpopulation of CD4 cells characterized by high levels of CD25. The novel population is usually referred to as T regulatory cells (Tregs) and it is characterized by the expression of FoxP3. The heterogeneity of CD4 cells was further expanded by the recent description of a novel subpopulation characterized by production of IL-17. These cells are generally referred to asTH17. They contribute to regulate the overall immune response together with other cytokine-producing populations. Treg andTH17cells are related because they could derive from a common progenitor, depending on the presence of certain cytokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings of the role of these novel populations in the field of human gastroenterological disease.

scholarly journals The role of heat shock proteins in gastrointestinal diseases

Gut ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Dudeja ◽  
S M Vickers ◽  
A K Saluja
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Shock Proteins
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