Satellite-Based Modeling of Gross Primary Production of Terrestrial Ecosystems

2011 ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems

Response of tropical terrestrial gross primary production to the super El Niño event in 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhu ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zeng ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Climate Data

<p>The Gross Primary Production (GPP) in tropical terrestrial ecosystems plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. The strong 2015–2016 El Niño event offers a unique opportunity to investigate how GPP in the tropical terrestrial ecosystems responds to climatic forcing. This study uses two GPP products and concurrent climate data to investigate the GPP anomalies and their underlying causes. We find that both GPP products show an enhanced GPP in 2015 for the tropical terrestrial ecosystem as a whole relative to the multi-year mean of 2001–2015, and this enhancement is the net result of GPP increase in tropical forests and decrease in non-forests. We show that the increased GPP in tropical forests during the El Nino event is consistent with increased photosynthesis active radiation as a result of a reduction in clouds, while the decreased GPP in non-forests is consistent with increased water stress as a result of a reduction of precipitation and an increase of temperature. These results reveal the strong coupling of ecosystem and climate that is different in forest and non-forest ecosystems, and provide a test case for carbon cycle parameterization and carbon-climate feedback simulation in models.</p>

scholarly journals Extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1869-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zscheischler ◽  
M. D. Mahecha ◽  
S. Harmeling ◽  
A. Rammig ◽  
E. Tomelleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Sets

Abstract. Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented. Here we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive (increase in uptake) and negative extremes (decrease in uptake) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Most extremes in GPP start in early summer. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role than durations or maximal GPP anomaly when it comes to the overall impact of GPP extremes. An analysis of possible causes implies that across continents most extremes in GPP can best be explained by water scarcity rather than by extreme temperatures. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we identify also fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.

Rise and fall of projected vegetation primary production resilience to climate variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Zampieri ◽  
Bruna Grizzetti ◽  
Andrea Toreti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Road ◽  
Gains And Losses

<p>The SDGs recognize the importance of ensuring conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and their services and strengthening the resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards. Vegetation primary production is the main function of terrestrial ecosystems providing food and other services to society. Agricultural production is a main source of employment, livelihood and income for a large portion of population, especially in developing countries.</p><p>Anticipating the changes in vegetation primary production resilience – the plant capacity to cope with disturbances and shocks including such as those related to climate variability and extremes – is therefore critical to understand and project ecosystems’ responses to global change and the impacts on the related ecosystem services, to support mitigation actions, and to define proper adaptation plans. However, the estimation of resilience is not straightforward.</p><p>Here, we applied a recently proposed resilience metrics – the annual production resilience indicator (Zampieri et al. 2019, 2020) – to quantify the changes in vegetation gross primary production (GPP) resilience computed from a large ensemble of state-of-the-art CMIP6 Earth System Model (ESM) simulations.</p><p>Our results indicate that climate change mitigation is necessary to significantly reduce the risk of losing terrestrial ecosystems production resilience. In the ‘Sustainability (Taking the Green Road)’ and ‘Middle of the Road’ scenarios considered here (ssp126 and ssp245), the areas where vegetation shows increasing GPP resilience (mainly boreal, African and Indian monsoon regions) are wider than the areas with decreasing resilience. The situation drastically reverses in the ’Fossil-fuel Development (Taking the Highway)’ scenario (ssp585), mostly because the increase of GPP interannual variability outbalances the mean GPP increase due to the CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization effect in this high greenhouse gases’ emission scenario. </p><p>To raise social awareness, identify adaptation plans, but especially to stimulate mitigation efforts, we analyse and discuss the gains and losses of vegetation GPP resilience for each World country. Among the larger countries, Brazil is exposed to the highest risk of losing vegetation GPP resilience, especially in the higher emission scenario.</p><p>This study explores the linkages between future climate, associated changes in resilience of global vegetation gross primary production, and the mitigation pathways that society can undertake to conserve and restore ecosystems and their services, on which human well-being depends.</p>

scholarly journals Extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2909-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zscheischler ◽  
M. Reichstein ◽  
S. Harmeling ◽  
A. Rammig ◽  
E. Tomelleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract. Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented and in the focus of this paper. Specifically, we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive extremes (i.e., statistically unusual increases in carbon uptake rates) and negative extremes (i.e., statistically unusual decreases in carbon uptake rates) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power-law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role for the overall impact of GPP extremes compared to the durations or maximal GPP. An analysis of possible causes across continents indicates that most negative extremes in GPP can be attributed clearly to water scarcity, whereas extreme temperatures play a secondary role. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we also identify fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.

scholarly journals Reduction of Global Plant Production due to Droughts from 2001 to 2010: An Analysis with a Process-Based Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liao ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Drought Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract Droughts dramatically affect plant production of global terrestrial ecosystems. To date, quantification of this impact remains a challenge because of the complex plant physiological and biochemical processes associated with drought. Here, this study incorporates a drought index into an existing process-based terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate the drought impact on global plant production for the period 2001–10. Global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) gross primary production (GPP) data products are used to constrain model parameters and verify the model algorithms. The verified model is then applied to evaluate the drought impact. The study indicates that droughts will reduce GPP by 9.8 g C m−2 month−1 during the study period. On average, drought reduces GPP by 10% globally. As a result, the global GPP decreased from 106.4 to 95.9 Pg C yr−1 while the global net primary production (NPP) decreased from 54.9 to 49.9 Pg C yr−1. This study revises the estimation of the global NPP and suggests that the future quantification of the global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems should take the drought impact into account.

scholarly journals Effects of Forest Canopy Vertical Stratification on the Estimation of Gross Primary Production by Remote Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrong Lin ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qinhuo Liu ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
Longhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Area Index

Gross primary production (GPP) in forests is the most important carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems. Forest ecosystems with high leaf area index (LAI) values have diverse species or complex forest structures with vertical stratifications that influence the carbon–water–energy cycles. In this study, we used three light use efficiency (LUE) GPP models and site-level experiment data to analyze the effects of the vertical stratification of dense forest vegetation on the estimates of remotely sensed GPP during the growing season of two forest sites in East Asia: Dinghushan (DHS) and Tomakomai (TMK). The results showed that different controlling environmental factors of the vertical layers, such as temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), produce different responses for the same LUE value in the different sub-ecosystems (defined as the tree, shrub, and grass layers), which influences the GPP estimation. Air temperature and VPD play important roles in the effects of vertical stratification on the GPP estimates in dense forests, which led to differences in GPP uncertainties from −50% to 30% because of the distinct temperature responses in TMK. The unequal vertical LAI distributions in the different sub-ecosystems led to GPP variations of 1–2 gC/m2/day with uncertainties of approximately −30% to 20% because sub-ecosystems have unique absorbed fractions of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and LUE. A comparison with the flux tower-based GPP data indicated that the GPP estimations from the LUE and APAR values from separate vertical layers exhibited better model performance than those calculated using the single-layer method, with 10% less bias in DHS and more than 70% less bias in TMK. The precision of the estimated GPP in regions with thick understory vegetation could be effectively improved by considering the vertical variations in environmental parameters and the LAI values of different sub-ecosystems as separate factors when calculating the GPP of different components. Our results provide useful insight that can be used to improve the accuracy of remote sensing GPP estimations by considering vertical stratification parameters along with the LAI of sub-ecosystems in dense forests.

scholarly journals Vegetation modulates the impact of climate extremes on gross primary production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Flach ◽  
Alexander Brenning ◽  
Fabian Gans ◽  
Markus Reichstein ◽  
Sebastian Sippel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heat Events

Abstract. Drought and heat events affect the uptake and sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Factors such as the duration, timing and intensity of extreme events influence the magnitude of impacts on ecosystem processes such as gross primary production (GPP), i.e. the ecosystem uptake of CO2. Preceding soil moisture depletion may exacerbate these impacts. However, some vegetation types may be more resilient to climate extremes than others. This effect is insufficiently understood at the global scale and is the focus of this study. Using a global upscaled product of GPP that scales up in-situ land CO2 flux observations with global satellite remote sensing, we study the impact of climate extremes at the global scale. We find that GPP in grasslands and agricultural areas is generally reduced during heat and drought events. However, we also find that forests, if considered globally, appear not in general to be particularly sensitive to droughts and heat events that occurred during the analyzed period or even show increased GPP values during these events. On the one hand, this is in many cases plausible, e.g. when no negative preconditioning has occurred. On the other hand, however, this may also reflect a lack of sensitivity in current remote sensing derived GPP products to the effects of droughts and heatwaves. The overall picture calls for a differentiated consideration of different land cover types in the assessments of risks of climate extremes for ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Vegetation modulates the impact of climate extremes on gross primary production

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Milan Flach ◽  
Alexander Brenning ◽  
Fabian Gans ◽  
Markus Reichstein ◽  
Sebastian Sippel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heat Events

Abstract. Drought and heat events affect the uptake and sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Factors such as the duration, timing, and intensity of extreme events influence the magnitude of impacts on ecosystem processes such as gross primary production (GPP), i.e., the ecosystem uptake of CO2. Preceding soil moisture depletion may exacerbate these impacts. However, some vegetation types may be more resilient to climate extremes than others. This effect is insufficiently understood at the global scale and is the focus of this study. Using a global upscaled product of GPP that scales up in situ land CO2 flux observations with global satellite remote sensing, we study the impact of climate extremes at the global scale. We find that GPP in grasslands and agricultural areas is generally reduced during heat and drought events. However, we also find that forests, if considered globally, appear in general to not be particularly sensitive to droughts and heat events that occurred during the analyzed period or even show increased GPP values during these events. On the one hand, normal-to-increased GPP values are in many cases plausible, e.g., when conditions prior to the event have been particularly positive. On the other hand, however, normal-to-increased GPP values in forests may also reflect a lack of sensitivity in current remote-sensing-derived GPP products to the effects of droughts and heatwaves. The overall picture calls for a differentiated consideration of different land cover types in the assessments of risks of climate extremes for ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Detection of Positive Gross Primary Production Extremes in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China During 1982-2015 and Analysis of Climate Contribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 2807-2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Wang ◽  
Shaoqiang Wang ◽  
Junbang Wang ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Robert A. Mickler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems
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